Certifying achievement in the control of Chagas disease native vectors: what is a viable scenario?

Hashimoto, Ken; Yoshioka, Kota

doi:10.1590/0074-0276140251

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, T. dimidiata and R. ecuadoriensis may be feasible candidates for elimination in Ecuador and northern Peru, T. barberi may be a candidate for eradication in Mexico, and T. pallidipennis may require a more long-term control approach in Central America [ 32 ]. More recently, the goal for the certification of the “control of the vector transmission of T. cruzi ” as an alternative to the “interruption of the vector transmission of T. cruzi ” in endemic countries was proposed by the Southern Cone Initiative to Control/Eliminate Chagas Disease (INCOSUR) [ 35 – 37 ]. Thus, new fundamental concepts have been implicated in the following ways.…”

Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second is that there is a need to reestablish a regional evaluation mechanism for the control of native species, as the existing framework was developed on the basis of experiences of controlling vectors and on the sustainability of those control efforts. Some researchers have indicated that they prefer to sustain the surveillance and response systems for native vectors and to certify good practices that can improve disease control [ 35 , 37 , 38 ]. The control of native vectors of Chagas disease is an enduring challenge, and subregional initiatives can greatly contribute to the countries’ efforts by providing result- and process-driven evaluations.…”

Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite this decline, a great challenge still remains. The interruption is defined as seroprevalence being zero among children aged between 0 and 15 years (optionally the target age could be between 0 and 5 years) [ 35 ]. Thus, the evaluation requires (i) seroprevalence among children under 15 years of age as the principal indicator, and (ii) geographic coverage of surveillance on native vectors and acute cases [ 35 ].…”

Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing the transmission of American trypanosomiasis and its spread into non-endemic countries

Liu

Zhou

2015

Infect Dis Poverty

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American trypanosomiasis, commonly known as Chagas disease, is caused by the flagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. An estimated eight million people infected with T. cruzi currently reside in the endemic regions of Latin America. However, as the disease has now been imported into many non-endemic countries outside of Latin America, it has become a global health issue. We reviewed the transmission patterns and current status of disease spread pertaining to American trypanosomiasis at the global level, as well as recent advances in research. Based on an analysis of the gaps in American trypanosomiasis control, we put forward future research priorities that must be implemented to stop the global spread of the disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0092-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Needs To Be Done To Control and Eliminate The Transmissmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing the transmission of American trypanosomiasis and its spread into non-endemic countries

Liu

Zhou

2015

Infect Dis Poverty

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“…Policy change is needed, which adds weight to sustainable control rather than the interruption of disease transmission. 38 In conclusion, we demonstrated substantial effectiveness of large-scale insecticide spraying to reduce house infestation levels of T. dimidiata. However, because of frequent reinfestation by T. dimidiata as well as the financial burden, such large-scale spraying is not a deliberate strategic option, particularly when house infestation levels of T. dimidiata are low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effectiveness of Large-Scale Chagas Disease Vector Control Program in Nicaragua by Residual Insecticide Spraying Against Triatoma dimidiata

Yoshioka¹,

Nakamura²,

Pérez³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chagas disease is one of the most serious health problems in Latin America. Because the disease is transmitted mainly by triatomine vectors, a three-phase vector control strategy was used to reduce its vector-borne transmission. In Nicaragua, we implemented an indoor insecticide spraying program in five northern departments to reduce house infestation by Triatoma dimidiata. The spraying program was performed in two rounds. After each round, we conducted entomological evaluation to compare the vector infestation level before and after spraying. A total of 66,200 and 44,683 houses were sprayed in the first and second spraying rounds, respectively. The entomological evaluation showed that the proportion of houses infested by T. dimidiata was reduced from 17.0% to 3.0% after the first spraying, which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). However, the second spraying round did not demonstrate clear effectiveness. Space-time analysis revealed that reinfestation of T. dimidiata is more likely to occur in clusters where the pre-spray infestation level is high. Here we discuss how large-scale insecticide spraying is neither effective nor affordable when T. dimidiata is widely distributed at low infestation levels. Further challenges involve research on T. dimidiata reinfestation, diversification of vector control strategies, and implementation of sustainable vector surveillance.

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“…The greatest challenges to control of Chagas disease in Central America are non-eliminable, widespread vectors and underfunded and irregularly decentralized health systems. Although the disease has been targeted for elimination [ 18 ], a more realistic approach is to prepare for permanent control in the region [ 19 ]. The success of vector control efforts in reducing household infestation and disease prevalence have made vector bugs and patients less visible and made the interventions less likely to be prioritized for government budgets in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Health Service Responsiveness in Community-Based Vector Surveillance for Chagas Disease in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras

Hashimoto

Zúniga²,

Romero

et al. 2015

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundCentral American countries face a major challenge in the control of Triatoma dimidiata, a widespread vector of Chagas disease that cannot be eliminated. The key to maintaining the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi at lowest levels is to sustain surveillance throughout endemic areas. Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras integrated community-based vector surveillance into local health systems. Community participation was effective in detection of the vector, but some health services had difficulty sustaining their response to reports of vectors from the population. To date, no research has investigated how best to maintain and reinforce health service responsiveness, especially in resource-limited settings.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe reviewed surveillance and response records of 12 health centers in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras from 2008 to 2012 and analyzed the data in relation to the volume of reports of vector infestation, local geography, demography, human resources, managerial approach, and results of interviews with health workers. Health service responsiveness was defined as the percentage of households that reported vector infestation for which the local health service provided indoor residual spraying of insecticide or educational advice. Eight potential determinants of responsiveness were evaluated by linear and mixed-effects multi-linear regression. Health service responsiveness (overall 77.4%) was significantly associated with quarterly monitoring by departmental health offices. Other potential determinants of responsiveness were not found to be significant, partly because of short- and long-term strategies, such as temporary adjustments in manpower and redistribution of tasks among local participants in the effort.Conclusions/SignificanceConsistent monitoring within the local health system contributes to sustainability of health service responsiveness in community-based vector surveillance of Chagas disease. Even with limited resources, countries can improve health service responsiveness with thoughtful strategies and management practices in the local health systems.

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Certifying achievement in the control of Chagas disease native vectors: what is a viable scenario?

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Preventing the transmission of American trypanosomiasis and its spread into non-endemic countries

Preventing the transmission of American trypanosomiasis and its spread into non-endemic countries

Effectiveness of Large-Scale Chagas Disease Vector Control Program in Nicaragua by Residual Insecticide Spraying Against Triatoma dimidiata

Determinants of Health Service Responsiveness in Community-Based Vector Surveillance for Chagas Disease in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras

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