Molecular detection of Mayaro virus during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil

Abstract

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is frequently reported in Pan-Amazonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of alphaviruses during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Serum samples from dengue-suspected patients were subjected to multiplex semi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for 11 flaviviruses and five alphaviruses, to nucleotide sequencing and to viral isolation. MAYV was detected in 15 (2.5%) of 604 patients. Twelve were co-infected with dengue virus 4, which was isolated from 10 patients. The molecular detection of MAYV in dengue-suspected patients suggests that other arboviruses may be silently circulating during dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

Detection of Mayaro virus infections during a dengue outbreak in Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…A systematic laboratory-based surveillance for acute febrile illnesses can result in the discovery of non-dengue cases that would likely be missed during large dengue outbreaks. Recently, during surveillance programs, MAYV (Mourão et al, 2012;Zuchi et al, 2014) and OROV (Mourão et al, 2009) were detected in patients with clinical diagnoses of dengue fever. In 2008, one case of SLEV was reported in a patient from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, with an acute febrile illness that was initially diagnosed as dengue by positive IgM-ELISA (Maia et al, 2014).…”

“…Currently, most MAYV infections in humans are associated with occupational or recreational exposure in rainforest environments (Pinheiro and LeDuc, 1988), however, MAYV outbreaks have been reported in South American rural communities including those in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and French Guyana (Azevedo et al, 2009;Mourão et al, 2012;Zuchi et al, 2014). There is a concern over the possibility of urban transmission of MAYV since experimental studies indicate that this virus can also infect and be transmitted by A. aegypti (Long et al, 2011).…”

“…Over the last 31 years, successive epidemics involving all four dengue serotypes (DENV-1 to 4) have been occurring in the country (Figueiredo, 2012). There is growing evidences indicating that other arboviruses relevant to public health such as YFV (Moreno et al, 2011), SLEV (Terzian et al, 2011), MAYV (Azevedo et al, 2007;Mourão et al, 2012;Zuchi et al, 2014), and OROV (Azevedo et al, 2007;Mourão et al, 2009;Terzian et al, 2009) are present and causing outbreaks in different regions.…”

Macrophages as target cells for Mayaro virus infection: involvement of reactive oxygen species in the inflammatory response during virus replication

“…Since 1955, when the first case of MAYV infection was reported in Brazil, near the Guamá River in Pará State (Causey and Maroja 1957), several MAYV fever outbreaks have been reported in different Brazilian States, including Pará (Pinheiro et al 1981, Azevedo et al 2009), Amazonas (De Figueiredo et al 2004, Abad-Franch et al 2012, Mourão et al 2012, Acre (Tavares-Neto et al 2004, Silva-Nunes et al 2006 and Mato Grosso (Zuchi et al 2014). Most of the cases were described in rural regions, in which MAYV seems to be transmitted by Haemagogus spp.…”

Seropositivity for Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in the human population of Mato Grosso, Central-Western Brazil

“…These samples had previously been tested for arboviruses 9,10 . Among all patients, 398 (78.6%) were residents in Cuiabá, the State's capital; furthermore, 490 (96.8%) were from urban areas and nine (1.8%) were from rural zones, while seven (1.4%) did not report their area of residence.…”