Antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons

Abstract

The herbaceous shrub Tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recently, a study showed that T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. This study evaluated the activity of the TrEO obtained in different seasons against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. The compounds in the TrEO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; terpenoids were present and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority compounds (55.28%). The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were also tested after TrEO treatment. The TrEO from all seasons showed a 50% growth inhibitory concentration for promastigotes of about 15 ng/mL; at 30 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, the TrEO reduced intracellular amastigote infection, independently of season. The TrEO from plants harvested in summer had the highest 50% cytotoxic concentration, 1,476 ng/mL for J774.A1 macrophages, and in spring (90.94 ng/mL) for murine macrophages. NO production did not change in samples of the TrEO from different seasons. The antileishmanial effect in vivo consisted of a reduction of the parasite load in the spleen. These results suggest that the TrEO has potential effects on L. (L.) amazonensis, consonant with its traditional use to treat parasitic diseases.

Effect of essential oils on Leishmania amazonensis: a systematic review

“…The study of Leishmania infection in animal models has been described in eight articles, including the study of antileishmanial activity of EOs of six plant species, Pluchea carolinensis (Garcia et al ., 2017), Bixa orellana (Monzote et al ., 2014 a ), C. martii (dos Santos et al ., 2011; Dhorm Pimentel de Moraes et al ., 2018), Tetradenia riparia (Cardoso et al ., 2015), C. guianensis (Dhorm Pimentel de Moraes et al ., 2018) and C. ambrosioides (Monzote et al ., 2006, 2007, 2009). Of the 33 publications selected, eight used the in vivo model, and the same study used between one and three routes of administration.…”

“…In this context, the EOs of T. riparia obtained in spring, summer, autumn and winter showed similar activity against L. amazonensis . However, BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis and treated topically did not present with a reduction in lesion size, but parasite load in the spleen decreased significantly (Cardoso et al ., 2015). Demarchi et al .…”

“…In this context, the EOs of T. riparia obtained in spring, summer, autumn and winter showed similar activity against L. amazonensis. However, BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis and treated topically did not present with a reduction in lesion size, but parasite load in the spleen decreased significantly (Cardoso et al, 2015). Demarchi et al (2015) observed that the EO of T. riparia is more effective in promoting the death of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis than an isolated diterpene EO, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone.…”

“…Main characteristics of primary studies in vitro and in vivo with essential oils on Leishmania amazonensis The EO was obtained of fresh leaves (60 g) by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus for 3 h with 600 mL of distilled water. The EO was dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, and stored at 4°C EO of spring: 15.47; EO of summer: 15.67; EO of autumn: 15.66; EO of winter: 13.31 IC 50 inhibition by EO at 30 ng mL −1 ; spring: 43.53%; summer: 32.03%; autumn: 40.54%; winter: 52.49% Topical route (0.5% or 1%) daily for 8 weeks: reduction of the parasite load in the spleenCardoso et al (2015) The EOs were separately extracted from leaves and inflorescences of fresh and air-dried material. Each fresh and dried sample (about 100 g) was extracted by hydrodistillation for 2 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus.…”

Chemical composition and evaluation of antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from leaves of Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez. (Lauraceae Juss.)

“…The leishmanicidal potential of essential oils has been well studied (Cardoso et al 2015), and the leaf essential oil of C. aschersoniana displayed high leishmanicidal activity when tested against L. amazonensis promastigote forms. Increase in parasite lysis was observed with increase in essential oil concentration, with IC 50 = 4.46 μg/mL (Table II).…”