Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

This study aimed to verify the diversity of Culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mosquitoes were captured with Nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). Female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. Positive pools were tested by single RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing, by RT-PCR for E1 gene [Mayaro virus (MAYV)] and by inoculation in Vero cells (MAYV) or C6/36 cells (flaviviruses). One/171 Aedes aegypti was positive for dengue virus (DENV)-1, 12/403 Culex quinquefasciatus, and four/171Ae. aegypti for MAYV, which was isolated from two pools containing two nonengorged females of Ae. aegypti and two ofCx. quinquefasciatus. DENV-4 was detected in 58/171 pools of Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 Cx. quinquefasciatus, two/five Psorophora sp., two/11 Psorophora varipes/Psorophora albigenu, one/one Sabethes chloropterus, two/five Culex bidens/Culex interfor, and one/one Aedes sp. DENV-4 was isolated from two pools containing three and 16 nonengorged Cx. quinquefasciatus females. Phylogenetic analysis revealed MAYV belongs to genotype L, clustering with human samples of the virus previously identified in the city. Cuiabá has biodiversity and ecosystem favourable for vector proliferation, representing a risk for arbovirus outbreaks.

Mapping Zika virus disease incidence in Valle del Cauca

“…Simultaneous or subsequent arboviral infections occur and should also be assessed. Preparedness in this setting should also consider the potential arrival of Mayaro and Yellow Fever in Aedes infested areas [25,26]. Nevertheless, there is the need for better case definition criteria, including newer microbiological laboratory diagnosis techniques, that allows the differentiation of the involved infectious agents also in order to create virus-specific epidemiological maps.…”

Examining the Potential for South American Arboviruses to Spread Beyond the New World

“…However, historically, two phylogenetic groups have been described: genotypes D and L. Most strains group into genotype D, and are geographically clustered with isolates from Trinidad, Brazil, French Guiana, Surinam, Perú, and Bolivia. Genotype L, on the other hand, is comprised mostly of isolates from the north central region of Brazil [75, 79, 80]. Additionally, Auguste and co-workers suggest the existence of a third lineage called N (New) and further phylogenetic analysis from Llagonne-Barets supports this assertion [81, 82].…”

Diversity patterns of hematophagous insects in Atlantic forest fragments and human-modified areas of southern Bahia, Brazil

“…Adult mosquitoes were transferred immediately to Eppendorf tubes using a manual suction tube (Castro catcher, glass material with 50 length per 25 mm diameter). In the lab, these samples were stored at appropriate humidity and temperature conditions (Serra et al 2016). During nocturnal sampling, two non‐baited automatic CDC light traps (BioQuip Products ® , CA, U.S.A.) were used and mosquitoes were collected the following morning.…”