Parity and influence of abiotic factors on Anopheles in the Manso dam, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Ribeiro, Ana Lúcia Maria; Miyazaki, Rosina Djunko; Rodrigues, Jorge; Campelo, José Holanda

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-1354-2013

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The numerous water reservoirs from recently constructed hydroelectric plants increased the number of suitable larval habitats for An. darlingi as well as for other potential Nyssorhynchus malaria vectors, such as species of the Albitarsis and Triannulatus complexes (Gomes et al 2008, 2013, Limongi et al 2008, Meneguzzi et al 2009, Da Silva et al 2013, McKeon et al 2013, Ribeiro et al 2013). Along the coastal lowlands, introduced malaria cases and/or small epidemics have emerged on occasion and localities with brackish water and Nyssorhynchus and An.…”

Section: Malaria In the Extra-amazonian (Non-endemic) Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

170

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Brazil, a country of continental proportions, presents three profiles of malaria transmission. The first and most important numerically, occurs inside the Amazon. The Amazon accounts for approximately 60% of the nation’s territory and approximately 13% of the Brazilian population. This region hosts 99.5% of the nation’s malaria cases, which are predominantly caused by Plasmodium vivax (i.e., 82% of cases in 2013). The second involves imported malaria, which corresponds to malaria cases acquired outside the region where the individuals live or the diagnosis was made. These cases are imported from endemic regions of Brazil (i.e., the Amazon) or from other countries in South and Central America, Africa and Asia. Imported malaria comprised 89% of the cases found outside the area of active transmission in Brazil in 2013. These cases highlight an important question with respect to both therapeutic and epidemiological issues because patients, especially those with falciparum malaria, arriving in a region where the health professionals may not have experience with the clinical manifestations of malaria and its diagnosis could suffer dramatic consequences associated with a potential delay in treatment. Additionally, because the Anopheles vectors exist in most of the country, even a single case of malaria, if not diagnosed and treated immediately, may result in introduced cases, causing outbreaks and even introducing or reintroducing the disease to a non-endemic, receptive region. Cases introduced outside the Amazon usually occur in areas in which malaria was formerly endemic and are transmitted by competent vectors belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (i.e., Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles aquasalis and species of the Albitarsis complex). The third type of transmission accounts for only 0.05% of all cases and is caused by autochthonous malaria in the Atlantic Forest, located primarily along the southeastern Atlantic Coast. They are caused by parasites that seem to be (or to be very close to) P. vivax and, in a less extent, by Plasmodium malariae and it is transmitted by the bromeliad mosquito Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii. This paper deals mainly with the two profiles of malaria found outside the Amazon: the imported and ensuing introduced cases and the autochthonous cases. We also provide an update regarding the situation in Brazil and the Brazilian endemic Amazon.

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Section: Malaria In the Extra-amazonian (Non-endemic) Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

170

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“…Parity rates of vectors in TKD were reduced when IRS was being implemented in 2012 but increased steadily after the withdrawal of IRS in 2013 through 2014. Even though some climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity, are known to affect vector longevity and abundance of parous females [ 30 ], such climatic factors, as well as ITN ownership and use are expected to be similar across all IRS and non-IRS districts in this study, which are adjacent to each other. Therefore, the most likely factor for the low parity rate in the sprayed districts is the IRS operation in these districts, demonstrating the benefit of adding IRS where there is modest to high level ITN coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reduction in malaria transmission intensity in Northern Ghana after 7 years of indoor residual spraying

Coleman

Dadzie

Seyoum

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundIndoor residual spraying (IRS) is being implemented as one of the malaria prevention methods in the Northern Region of Ghana. Changes in longevity, sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) of major malaria vectors were monitored to assess the impact of IRS in selected districts.MethodsMonthly human landing catches (HLCs) were used to collect mosquitoes from sentinel sites in three adjacent districts between July 2009 and December 2014: Savelugu Nanton (SND) where IRS had been implemented from 2008 to 2014; Tolon Kumbungu (TKD) where IRS had been implemented between 2008 and 2012 and Tamale Metropolis (TML) with no history of IRS. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species level and into sibling species, using PCR. Samples of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were examined for parity and infectivity. EIR was calculated from biting and infectivity rates of malaria vectors.ResultsParity rates of An. gambiae s.l. decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) in SND from 44.8% in 2011 to 28.1% by 2014, and in TKD from 53.3% in 2011 to 46.6% in 2012 (p = 0.001). However 2 years after IRS was discontinued in TKD, the proportion of parous An. gambiae s.l. increased significantly to 68.5% in 2014 (p < 0.0001). Parity rates in the unsprayed district remained high throughout the study period, ranging between 68.6% in 2011 and 72.3% in 2014. The sum of monthly EIRs post-IRS season (July–December) in SND ranged between 2.1 and 6.3 infective bites/person/season (ib/p/s) during the 3 years that the district was sprayed with alphacypermethrin. EIR in SND was reduced to undetectable levels when the insecticide was switched to pirimiphos methyl CS in 2013 and 2014. Two years after IRS was withdrawn from TKD the sum of monthly EIRs (July–December) increased by about fourfold from 41.8 ib/p/s in 2012 to 154.4 ib/p/s in 2014. The EIR in the control area, TML, ranged between 35 ib/p/s in 2009 to 104.71 ib/p/s by 2014.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that IRS application did have a significant impact on entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the IRS project districts of Northern Ghana. Transmission indicators increased following the withdrawal of IRS from Tolon Kumbungu District.

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“…Few entomological studies have been conducted in Central Brazil, and rarely in the Pantanal area, over the past decades ( Travassos 1939 , 1940a , b , Travassos 1941 , Travassos & Teixeira de Freitas 1940 , 1943 ). Recent entomological studies have been conducted in areas influenced by the construction of hydroelectric dams to determine the environmental impact caused by dam construction at Indian reservations, outside the Pantanal biome ( Ianelli et al 1998 , Gomes et al 2007 , 2010 , Ribeiro et al 2013 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anophelines species and the receptivity and vulnerability to malaria transmission in the Pantanal wetlands, Central Brazil

Marinho-E-Silva

Sallum

Rosa-Freitas

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDStudies on malaria vectors in the Pantanal biome, Central Brazil, were conducted more than half a century ago.OBJECTIVESTo update anopheline records and assess receptivity and vulnerability to malaria transmission.METHODSFive-day anopheline collections were conducted bimonthly in Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul state, for one year. Indoors, mosquitoes were collected from their resting places, while in open fields, they were captured using protected human-baited and horse-baited traps near the house and at the Miranda River margin, respectively. Hourly biting activity outdoors was also assessed. Secondary data were collected on the arrival of tourists, economic projects, and malaria cases.FINDINGSA total of 24,894 anophelines belonging to 13 species were caught. The main Brazilian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species, followed by An. triannulatus s.l. Hourly variation in anopheline biting showed three main peaks occurring at sunset, around midnight, and at sunrise, the first and last being the most prominent. The highest density of all species was recorded near the river margin and during the transition period between the rainy and early dry seasons. This coincides with the time of main influx of outsider workers and tourists, whose activities mostly occur in the open fields and frequently start before sunrise and last until sunset. Some of these individuals originate from neighbouring malaria-endemic countries and states, and are likely responsible for the recorded imported and introduced malaria cases.MAIN CONCLUSIONPantanal is a malaria-prone area in Brazil. Surveillance and anopheline control measures must be applied to avoid malaria re-emergence in the region.

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Parity and influence of abiotic factors on Anopheles in the Manso dam, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

A reduction in malaria transmission intensity in Northern Ghana after 7 years of indoor residual spraying

Anophelines species and the receptivity and vulnerability to malaria transmission in the Pantanal wetlands, Central Brazil

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