Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 infection: three infected generations in the same family

Mendes, Marcela Sena Teixeira; Costa, Mariana Carvalho; Costa, Izelda Maria Carvalho

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0437-2015

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ueno et al (2012) reported that adult ACs infected by MTCT had higher PVL (2.41 copies of HTLV-1 pX gene/100 PBMC) than those infected by sexual intercourse (0.34 copies of HTLV-1 pX gene/100 PBMC), however the time from infection was not evaluated in this study (Ueno et al, 2012). This supports the hypothesis that vertical transmission can be associated with high risk of HTLV-1 associated disease onset, which could contribute to explain some high prevalence of disease among certain family members (Pombo-De-Oliveira et al, 2001; da Silva et al, 2013; Alvarez et al, 2016; Mendes et al, 2016). Exposure to HTLV-1 at the beginning of life has been associated with a higher risk of ATL (Hisada et al, 1998, 2001; Kannagi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Neonatal Infection and The Risk Of Disease Developmentsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Early after the first identification of HTLV-1 the possibility of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) was supported by several pieces of evidence including: (1) high incidence of HTLV-1 infection in children born to HTLV infected mothers; (2) high prevalence of infection in mothers of HTLV-1 seropositive children; (3) presence of approximately 10 3 cells infected with HTLV/mL in milk from carrier mothers; (4) experimental infection in animals using fresh milk cells from HTLV-1 infected women (Hino, 2011); (5) low transmission risk among bottle-fed children when comparing to breast fed; and more recently reduced incidence of infection after implementation of antenatal screening and avoidance of breastfeeding observed in Japan. Thus, this route of infection is well stablished and is responsible for the maintenance of HTLV-1 in several generations of the same family (The T and B-cell malignancy study group, 1988; Plancoulaine et al, 1998; Catalan-Soares et al, 2005; da Costa et al, 2013; Mendes et al, 2016). Moreover, transmission is known to be associated with the risk of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a highly aggressive and usually fatal malignancy caused by HTLV-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs

Rosadas

Taylor

2019

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes lifelong infection. At least 5–10 million individuals worldwide are currently living with HTLV-1. Studies of regional variation are required to better understand the contribution of MTCT to the global burden of infection. Although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic ∼10% develop high morbidity, high mortality disease. Infection early in life is associated with a higher risk of disease development. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), which is caused by HTLV-1 and has a median survival of 8 months is linked to MTCT, indeed evidence of ATL following infection as an adult is sparse. Infective dermatitis also only occurs following neonatal infection. Whilst HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) follows sexual and iatrogenic infection approximately 30% of patients presenting with HAM/TSP acquired the infection through their mothers. HAM/TSP is a disabling neurodegenerative disease that greatly impact patient’s quality of life. To date there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection other than bone marrow transplantation for ATL nor any measure to prevent HTLV-1 associated diseases in an infected individual. In this context, prevention of MTCT is expected to contribute disproportionately to reducing both the incidence of HTLV-1 and the burden of HTLV-1 associated diseases. In order to successfully avoid HTLV-1 MTCT, it is important to understand all the variables involved in this route of infection. Questions remain regarding frequency and risk factors for in utero peri-partum transmission whilst little is known about the efficacy of pre-labor cesarean section to reduce these infections. Understanding the contribution of peripartum infection to the burden of disease will be important to gauge the risk-benefit of interventions in this area. Few studies have examined the impact of HTLV-1 infection on fertility or pregnancy outcomes nor the susceptibility of the mother to infection during pregnancy and lactation. Whilst breast-feeding is strongly associated with transmission and avoidance of breast-feeding a proven intervention little is known about the mechanism of transmission from the breast milk to the infant and there have been no clinical trials of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to prevent this route of transmission.

show abstract

Section: Neonatal Infection and The Risk Of Disease Developmentsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs

Rosadas

Taylor

2019

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also worth noting that, preventing the occurrence of a single new case, it is possible to inhibit the transmission chain of this individual, blocking virus maintenance for generations and intra-family dissemination, a fact commonly observed in HTLV infection [8,9,52–54]. In Salvador, 32.56% of the family members of the HTLV-1 seropositive women were positive, including children from previous pregnancy [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of HTLV-1 vertical transmission cases in Brazil per annum

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBrazil has at least 800,000 HTLV-1 infected individuals. HTLV-1 can be transmitted via sexual intercourse, contact with blood and from mother to child, mainly by breastfeeding. Treatments for the high morbidity/mortality associated diseases (ATL and HAM/TSP) are limited, therefore, infection prevention is of utmost importance. However, antenatal screening is not routinely performed in Brazil. A lack of data regarding the number of individuals infected via breastfeeding impairs the development of government policies. The objective is to estimate the number of HTLV-1 infections occurring annually due to mother to child transmission (MTCT) in Brazil, nationally and regionally.MethodologyTo estimate HTLV-1 MTCT in Brazil the following variables are modelled: number of births, prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women, breastfeeding duration rate and transmission risk according to breastfeeding period. The number of cases of HAM/TSP and ATL attributable to MTCT are also estimated.Principal findingsIn 2008, there were 2,934,828 live births in Brazil. HTLV prevalence in pregnant women in Brazil ranges between 0.1–1.05% by region. An estimated 16,548 HTLV-1 infected women are pregnant each year. According to the breastfeeding pattern and HTLV-1 prevalence of each region there are an estimated 3,024 new cases of HTLV-1 infection due to MTCT annually of which 2,610 are preventable through infant feeding advice. These 3,024 transmissions will result in 120–604 cases of ATL and 8–272 of HAM/TSP. North-East region comprises the high number of MTCT cases, followed by South-East.Conclusions/significanceA high number of new HTLV-1 infections due to MTCT occur every year in Brazil. Antenatal screening and avoiding breastfeeding are essential to prevent subsequent development of HTLV-1-associated diseases.

show abstract

“…International and national studies have proven the high infection prevalence among families with virus carriers, especially in endemic areas [12,13]. Intrafamily transmission has a rate 18 times higher than transmission in the general population [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Description and Molecular Characterization of Intrafamily Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in an Endemic Region of Brazil

Pereira¹,

Casseb²,

Nobre³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with neurological, degenerative, and inflammatory diseases. Brazil has regions with high prevalence rates. The prevalence among relatives of positive people is high, and intrafamily transmission causes the conservation of the infection for different generations. The investigation of epidemiological and molecular factors may clarify the factors associated with the efficacy of intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and molecular factors associated with intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 in an endemic area of Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study investigated 72 relatives from 14 families with more than one infected. Epidemiological data were collected from all family members, and genetic sequencing was performed, phylogenetic analysis of 22 positive relatives. Results: The prevalence of HTLV-1 in families with infected people was 56.94% (41/72). Twelve vertical transmission routes and ten horizontal transmission routes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the absence of polymorphisms between infected mother and child sequences, while sequences of couples presented nucleotide divergence of up to 3%.among themselves. It was also identified in a family with an intrafamilial transmission with the occurrence of two viral strains. Conclusion: Molecular data confirmed intrafamilial transmission. They also indicated little genetic variability between the sequenced samples of family members and those deposited in GenBank used in this study. The absence of polymorphisms was observed in cases of vertical transmission, indicating a tendency to perpetuate identical sequences regardless of the time of acquisition of the infection.

show abstract

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 infection: three infected generations in the same family

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs

Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs

Estimation of HTLV-1 vertical transmission cases in Brazil per annum

Epidemiological Description and Molecular Characterization of Intrafamily Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in an Endemic Region of Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About