Emergence of chikungunya and Zika in a municipality endemic to dengue, Santa Luzia, MG, Brazil, 2015-2017

Abstract

Introduction: The recent circulation of arboviruses transmitted by vectors, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, is concerning due to the high morbidity rates, clinical complications, and increased demand on health services. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of an epidemic caused by arboviruses in the municipality of Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Longitudinal study of patients with acute febrile disease and suspected arbovirus infection reported to Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) from the epidemiological week 44 of 2015 to epidemiological week 52 of 2016. Patients with confirmed chikungunya were followed-up for 18 months and those with Zika for 15 months. Additionally, we analyzed and described the temporal distribution of confirmed cases of these arboviruses in this municipality. Results: Overall 3,531 arboviruses cases, including 3,481 (98.7%) cases of dengue, 38 (1.0%) cases of chikungunya, and 12 (0.3%) cases of Zika were confirmed. The highest incidence of arbovirus infection occurred in the first quarter of 2016 (epidemiological week 7 to 14). The most frequent symptoms were for dengue, which included fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, and exanthema. Chikungunya infection was associated with fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and rash while Zika infection with pruritus and rash. Conclusions: Given the similarities in the initial clinical profiles of these arboviruses, it is important to perform a detailed clinical analysis, laboratory diagnosis, and patient follow-up.

Dengue, Zika Fever e Chikungunya: Aspectos Biológicos e Situação na América do Sul entre 2015 e 2020

“…The symptoms of chikungunya are similar to those of dengue, typically in both of cases can notice pyrexia, myalgia, headache, and in some cases rash (Vega, et al, 2019). It mainly affects the peripheral joints, including wrists, knees, ankles, and additional symptoms of the disease include arthritis, tenosynovitis, rash and myalgia, especially in the lower back and leg muscles (Chen, et al, 2016).…”

The impact of Zika in Minas Gerais, Brazil: epidemiological profile and spatial diffusion of the disease, 2015-2019

“…In MG, dengue and chikungunya had incidence rates of, respectively, 137 and 79.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, while Zika presented an incidence of 3.6 cases per 100,000 for the same period. In one of the few studies analysing the circulation of dengue, chikungunya and Zika in MG, with a focus on the city of Santa Luiza, Vega et al 16 , concluded that given the similarities in initial clinical profiles in order to differentiate these arboviruses it is necessary to perform detailed clinical evaluation, laboratory diagnosis and patient follow-up.…”

“…This scarcity is even more glaring when it comes to the analysis of the disease for the state of Minas Gerais (MG). Vega et al 16 have compared the emergence of chikungunya and Zika in the municipality of Santa Luzia, but there are no comprehensive studies of the disease's temporal and spatial distribution for the whole state, from the onset of the outbreak in 2015 until the present day.…”

Clinical Manifestations Suggestive of Depression in Patients Served with Febrile Illness in Campo Grande (MS) and Dourados (Ms), Brazil

“…Infectious and febrile diseases are transmitted by vectors and affect about 700,000 people who die each year in Brazil and worldwide [1,2], in Brazil febrile diseases such as dengue, Zika and Chikungunya are a concern for the public health system due to its increasing incidence in the last ten years [2].…”

“…Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya have shown a high morbidity rate in recent years [2], in clinical forms and with severe signs, has led the public health system to increase cases and the development of epidemic regions characterizing the co-circulation of DENV viruses, CHIKV and ZIKV. What has most concerned Brazilian researchers [8] is that 5% of symptomatic patients with dengue, Zika or Chikungunya may develop atypical manifestations such as neuropsychiatric [9] and these atypical manifestations in about a third of these patients are severe and are characterized by the need for support psychiatric [8][9][10][11].…”