Use of pharmaceutical nanotechnology for the treatment of leishmaniasis

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 at the end of 2021, with the descriptors "Parkinson's disease" and "drug repositioning" or "drug repurposing". We identified 28 drugs as potential candidates, and six of them were found in repositioning clinical trials for PD. However, a limitation of many of these drugs to achieve therapeutic success is their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as is the case with nilotinib, which has shown promising outcomes in clinical trials. We suggest reformulating these drugs in biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) based on lipids and polymers to perform future trials. As a complementary strategy, we propose functionalizing the NPs surface by adding materials to the surface layer. Among other advantages, functionalization can promote efficient crossing through the BBB and improve the affinity of NPs towards certain brain regions. The main parameters to consider for the design of NPs targeting the central nervous system are highlighted, such as size, PDI, morphology, drug load, and Z potential. Finally, current advances in the use of NPs for Parkinson's disease are cited.

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“…Pharmaceutical nanotechnology enables novel approaches to drug delivery [77]. One promising approach is NPs as carriers for drug transport.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Strategies For Optimizing Drug...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson’s disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization

et al. 2022

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“…La Nanomedicina, con el uso de nanopartículas liposómicas, lipídicas, metálicas, poliméricas o nanotubos, etc., facilita que el transportador del medicamento antileishmaniásico alcance con éxito a la molécula "diana" o "blanco", optimiza sus propiedades farmacocinéticas, mejora su absorción, distribución y excresión, incrementa su biodisponibilidad, reduce su toxicidad y lo protege de ser metabolizado. Las nanovacunas es, relativamente, un nuevo concepto en la prevención de las leishmaniasis [103][104] .…”

Section: Controlunclassified

Leishmaniasis: conceptos actuales y revisión de literatura

Marín-Sánchez

2021

UCV-SCIENTIA BIOMÉDICA

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El presente artículo se elaboró en base a una revisión documentada sobre las Leishmaniasis, grupo de enfermedades causadas por diferentes especies de protozoarios intracelulares del género Leishmania transmitidos por insecto infectados de los géneros Phlebotomus y Lutzomyia; son consideradas enfermedades reemergentes, descuidadas u olvidadas, endémicas en casi 100 países, asociadas a pobreza, malnutrición, migraciones, malas condiciones de vivienda, deficiencias de saneamiento, falta de acceso a los servicios médicos, elevados costos y toxicidad de los medicamentos, debilidad del sistema inmunitario, cambio climático, etc.; se estima que cada año existen 1,2 millones de casos anuales (con 20,000 a 30,000 defunciones) y 350 millones de personas están en riesgo de adquirir la infección. Se describe la variedad de formas clínicas de leishmaniasis con énfasis en las formas visceral, cutánea, mucocutánea y difusa, cuyo conocimiento es importante para establecer un diagnóstico correcto que considere la epidemiología, el cuadro clínico sugestivo y los exámenes auxiliares de laboratorio. Para su tratamiento, los antimoniales pentavalentes como estibogluconato de sodio (Pentostan®) y antimoniato de meglumine (Glucantime®) son las drogas de primera línea, a pesar de su toxicidad y aparición de resistencia; como segunda línea se tiene anfotericina B, miltefosina, pentamidina, aminosidina, ketaconazol, itraconazol, etc., que no son suficientes y conllevan a la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas especialmente de origen vegetal. La vigilancia, control y prevención de las leishmaniasis merece un abordaje integrado que incluye huésped, parásito y vector, acorde con los escenarios de cada país y localidad, utilizando todas las herramientas y tecnología disponibles. A pesar de todo lo avanzado, la lucha para reducir la morbimortalidad por leishmaniasis continúa, siendo un desafío que debemos afrontar.

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“…Nanotechnology can be used to protect molecules that have physicochemical limitations, including nanoencapsulation with polymers, which can help reduce volatilization and increase effectiveness [ 20 ]. These polymeric nanocapsules are carrier systems with a diameter of less than 1000 nm, a polymeric wall, and an oily core where the desired drugs or bioactive compounds can be inserted [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

Andrade

Guilger-Casagrande

Germano-Costa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Repellents are among the leading products used against diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. However, their indiscriminate use or high concentrations can cause severe adverse reactions, particularly in children and pregnant women. To protect them, nanotechnology is a promising tool to encapsulate active compounds against degradation, increase their effectiveness, and decrease their toxicity, as it can promote the modified release of the active compound. This study aimed to develop polymeric nanocapsules containing the repellent actives geraniol and icaridin using low concentrations of the active component, with the objective of promoting effective activity and greater safety against adverse reactions. The nanocapsules were developed by the interfacial deposition method, and the physicochemical properties of the nanocapsules were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), release kinetics assay, and mathematical modeling. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and genotoxicity analysis using the comet assay. The developed nanocapsules containing geraniol and icaridin showed mean diameters of 260 nm and 314 nm, respectively, with a polydispersity index < 0.2. The nanocapsules showed encapsulation efficiency values of 73.7 ± 0.1% for icaridin and 98.7 ± 0.1% for geraniol. Morphological analysis showed spherical nanocapsules with low polydispersity. The kinetic parameters calculated using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model indicated an anomalous release profile. Cell viability and genotoxicity analyses showed that the nanocapsules did not alter cell viability or damage DNA. The results demonstrate a promising nanostructured system with good physicochemical characteristics and good stability, with repellent activity against Aedes aegypti.

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Use of pharmaceutical nanotechnology for the treatment of leishmaniasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson’s disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson’s disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization

Leishmaniasis: conceptos actuales y revisión de literatura

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

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