Presence of anti-Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antibodies in blood donors in the West-Central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Braga, Laís de Souza; Navasconi, Taísa Rocha; Leatte, Elen Paula; Skraba, Cissiara Manetti; Silveira, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi; Ribas-Silva, Rejane Cristina

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0043-2015

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Prior large studies, including from our group, have found striking differences in the prevalence of VL within different regions in Brazil, as well as Southern Europe. The highest seroprevalence was observed in Mato Grosso, 41.40% of blood donors, in contrast to other regions in Brazil [Salvador: 5.40% of 700 (Fukutani et al, 2014); Paraná: 11.40% of 176 (Braga et al, 2015); Fortaleza: 17.10% of 431 (Monteiro et al, 2016)], and in Southern Europe [France: 13.40% of 565 (le Fichoux et al, 1999); Spain: 3.10% of 1,437 (França et al, 2018)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2023

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Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic disease in HIV-1 infected individuals, unrecognized as a determining factor for AIDS diagnosis. The growing geographical overlap of HIV-1 and Leishmania infections is an emerging challenge worldwide, as co-infection increases morbidity and mortality for both infections. Here, we determined the prevalence of people living with HIV (PWH) with a previous or ongoing infection by Leishmania infantum and investigated the virological and immunological factors associated with co-infection. We adopted a two-stage cross-sectional cohort (CSC) design (CSC-I, n = 5,346 and CSC-II, n = 317) of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Bahia, Brazil. In CSC-I, samples collected between 1998 and 2013 were used for serological screening for leishmaniasis by an in-house Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with SLA (Soluble Leishmania infantum Antigen), resulting in a prevalence of previous or ongoing infection of 16.27%. Next, 317 PWH were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to December 2015 with the collection of sociodemographic and clinical data. Serological validation by two different immunoassays confirmed a prevalence of 15.46 and 8.20% by anti-SLA, and anti-HSP70 serology, respectively, whereas 4.73% were double-positive (DP). Stratification of these 317 individuals in DP and double-negative (DN) revealed a significant reduction of CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios and a tendency of increased viral load in the DP group, as compared to DN. No statistical differences in HIV-1 subtype distribution were observed between the two groups. However, we found a significant increase of CXCL10 (p = 0.0076) and a tendency of increased CXCL9 (p = 0.061) in individuals with DP serology, demonstrating intensified immune activation in this group. These findings were corroborated at the transcriptome level in independent Leishmania- and HIV-1-infected cohorts (Swiss HIV Cohort and Piaui Northeast Brazil Cohort), indicating that CXCL10 transcripts are shared by the IFN-dominated immune activation gene signatures of both pathogens and positively correlated to viral load in untreated PWH. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of PWH with L. infantum seropositivity in Bahia, Brazil, linked to IFN-mediated immune activation and a significant decrease in CD4+ levels. Our results highlight the urgent need to increase awareness and define public health strategies for the management and prevention of HIV-1 and L. infantum co-infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2023

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show abstract

“…Prior large studies, including from our group, have found striking differences in the prevalence of VL within different regions in Brazil, as well as Southern Europe. The highest seroprevalence was observed in Mato Grosso, 41.40% of blood donors, in contrast to other regions in Brazil (Salvador: 5.40% of 700 [60]; Paraná: 11.40% of 176 [65]; Fortaleza: 17.10% of 431 [66]), and in Southern Europe (France: 13.40% of 565 [67]; Spain: 3.10% of 1,437 [68]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

Moraes

Santos

Arruda

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic disease in HIV-1 infected individuals, although not yet recognized as a determining factor for AIDS diagnosis. The growing geographical overlap of HIV-1 and Leishmania infections is an emerging challenge worldwide, as co-infection increases morbidity and mortality for both. Here, we determined the prevalence of people living with HIV (PWH) with a previous or ongoing infection by Leishmania infantum in Bahia, Brazil and investigated the virological and immunological factors associated with co-infection. Methodology and Principal Findings: We adopted a two-stage cross-sectional cohort (CSC) design (CSC-I, n=5,346 and CSC-II, n=317) of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Bahia, Brazil. In CSC-I, samples collected at the time of HIV-1 diagnosis between 1998 and 2013 were used for serological screening for leishmaniasis by an in-house immunoassay (ELISA) with SLA (Soluble Leishmania Antigen), resulting in a prevalence of previous or ongoing infection of 16.27%. Next, 317 PWH were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to December 2015 with collection of sociodemographic and clinical data. Serological validation by two different immunoassays confirmed a prevalence of 15.46% and 8.20% by anti-SLA, and anti-HSP70 serology, respectively, whereas 4.73% were double-positive (DP). Stratification of these 317 individuals in DP and double-negative (DN) revealed a significant reduction of CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios and a tendency of increased viral load in the DP group, as compared to DN. No statistical differences in HIV-1 subtype distribution were observed between the two groups. However, we found a significant increase of CXCL10/IP-10 (p=0.0076) and a tendency of increased CXCL9/MIG (p =0.061) in individuals with DP serology for L. infantum, demonstrating intensified immune activation in this group. These findings were corroborated at the transcriptome level in independent Leishmania- and HIV-1-infected cohorts (Swiss HIV Cohort and Piaui Northeast Brazil Cohort), indicating that CXCL10 transcripts are shared by the IFN-dominated immune activation gene signatures of both pathogens and positively correlated to viral load in untreated PWH. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of PWH with L. infantum seropositivity in Bahia, Brazil, linked to IFN-mediated immune activation and a significant decrease in CD4+ levels. Our results highlight the urgent need to increase awareness and define public health strategies for the management and prevention of HIV-1 and L. infantum co-infection.

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“…In fact, it is known that L. braziliensis DNA can be detected in blood samples of animals and humans 25,26 . The possibility that L. braziliensis could be transmitted via blood transfusion has been speculated 19 , but remains unproven.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in blood donors from a major blood bank in Northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Silva

Montenegro

Werkauser

et al. 2020

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Presence of anti-Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antibodies in blood donors in the West-Central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil

Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in blood donors from a major blood bank in Northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

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