“…In situations where the above processes coincide with (decentralisation in) a weak governance setting, a breeding ground is created for corruption and clientelism. These processes mostly favour middle- and upper-class parts of the city ( Bidandi, 2015 ; Chattopadhyay, 2017 ; Cheema et al., 2010 ; Coetzee, 2015 ; Cornea et al, 2017 ; Dercon et al, 2019 ; Devas, 2001 ; Ezeah and Roberts, 2014 ; Güemes, 2019 ; Heymans et al., 2016 ; Hirschmann, 1999 ; Horen, 2004 ; Jones et al, 2014 ; Kennedy et al, 2011 ; Kubanza and Simatele, 2018 ; Meagher, 2010 ; Michelutti and Smith, 2014 ; Tang and Huhe, 2016 ; Yeboah-Assiamah et al, 2014 ), thus increasing inequality and reducing economic growth ( Rodríguez-Pose and Zhang, 2019 ). It accelerates growth of poverty to a pace faster than the population growth, a phenomenon known as Urbanisation of Poverty ( Beard et al, 2016 ; Horen, 2004 ; Rice, 2014 ).…”