Complications, clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis, and aspects related to its prevention: an integrative review

Abstract

Objectives: to identify the scientific evidence about the clinical complications and manifestations of congenital syphilis and aspects related to its prevention. Methods: integrative review after a search in the databases LILACS and MEDLINE, carried out in March 2018, using the descriptors “syphilis, congenital”, “complications”, and “signs and symptoms”, leading to the selection of 27 researches. Results: the publications found were published from 1966 to 2017, and most of them were from Latin America and Africa. Negative outcomes, laboratory changes, and the clinical manifestations in congenital syphilis, whether early or delayed, were, respectively: low weight at birth, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and dental alterations. The lack of treatment of the pregnant women in the prenatal was the most common occasion in which the opportunity to prevent the complications of congenital syphilis was lost. Conclusions: the scientific evidences analyzed showed serious complications of congenital syphilis that could be avoided if early opportunities of diagnosing and treating the pregnant women are not lost during the prenatal.

Amoxicillin as an Option in Congenital Syphilis Management: A Case Report

“…On the other hand, most neonates born with CS are asymptomatic at birth [11]. The clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, and radiographic findings of CS are shown in Table 1 [3], [12], [13], [14]. It is generally accepted that parenterally administered penicillin is the treatment of choice for syphilis.…”

“…Congenital syphilis is easily averted. Furthermore, complications can be minimized with early diagnosis and prompt treatment of syphilis in pregnant mothers, especially in the first trimester [13]. Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million unit IM is the drug of choice for prevention [9].…”

Ampla Abordagem Sobre a Sífilis Congênita

“…A forma tardia da sífilis congênita também é pode levar ao acometimento de diversos órgãos, como alterações faciais, oftalmológicas, auditivas, orofaríngeas e cutâneas. Alguns exemplos dessas alterações são: hipodesenvolvimento maxilar, fronte olímpica, palato em ogiva, nariz em sela, coriorretinite, cicatriz córnea, ceratite intersticial, glaucoma, atrofia óptica, perda auditiva sensorial, fissuras periorais, molares em amora, dentes de Hutchinson, e perfuração do palato duro (ROCHA, et al, 2021).…”

“…A fim de estabelecer um diagnóstico preciso para um tratamento adequado da sífilis, se faz necessário investigar possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais diante da presença de qualquer dessas alterações (ROCHA, et al, 2021).…”

Perfil Epidemiológico Da Sífilis Congênita No Estado De Santa Catarina Entre De 2011 a 2021

“…A infecção pode resultar em feto natimorto e morte neonatal 11 , prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, restrição de crescimento intrauterino, manifestações cutâneas e viscerais ou até infecção assintomática 12 . Globalmente, a sífilis congênita é a segunda maior causa de fetos natimortos 13 .…”