Teaching in health residencies: knowledge of preceptors under Shulman's analysis

Abstract

<jats:p>ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand how the pedagogical knowledge that integrates the basic knowledge of teaching is perceived by preceptors in residents' teaching-learning process. Methods: a qualitative research conducted by semi-structured interview from December 2013 to July 2014, with 31 preceptors of residency programs of three university hospitals in northeastern Brazil. For analysis, the Grounded Theory's proposal was used and supported by Atlas ti(r) 7.0 software. Results: preceptors integrate preceptorship with basic teaching knowledge proposed by Lee Shulman, with emphasis on General Pedagogical Knowledge when seeking strategies to better work on specific and disciplinary content, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge when adapting content to make it comprehensible to residents. Final Considerations: the study allowed us to understand how Shulman's basic knowledge of teaching is perceived by preceptors. It is recognized that they integrate knowledge into the preceptorship, highlighting the General and Pedagogical Content Knowledge.</jats:p>

Reflexões Sobre a Prática Pedagógica Dos Preceptores Em Residências Em Saúde

“…A organização e a comunicação efetiva por parte dos preceptores foram ressaltadas como aspectos que facilitam a compreensão das atividades propostas, tornando a experiência mais fluida para os residentes (RIBEIRO et al, 2020).…”

Residents’ perceptions of the pedagogical preparation of preceptors in the Brazilian Unified Health System (BUHS) and associated factors

“…Preceptors need a pedagogical foundation to play the role of knowledge mediators [3]. To this end, they need to be aware of the political-pedagogical project of their residents' speci c MRH course as well as of the teaching plan of the disciplines that guide residents' practices during in-service training [4]. In addition, they need to develop pedagogical skills that include understanding the SUS as both a means and end for health maintenance [5] and as an integrated health care model for humanized training and health promotion in PHC, the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and the PHC network [6], including the provision of health care with an interprofessional approach [6,7].…”

Mobilização e estruturação de competências para a preceptoria na residência multiprofissional em saúde

“…Nos programas de residência multiprofissional em saúde, o preceptor é o profissional que realiza a supervisão direta das atividades práticas dos residentes, devendo ser vinculado ao serviço de saúde e ter formação mínima de especialista, orientando as práticas ao lado de docentes e tutores com distintas formações e responsabilidades (Brasil, 2012). No entanto, o exercício da preceptoria exige conhecimentos relativos ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, ao currículo, aos objetivos e aos valores do programa de residência (Ribeiro, 2020) que extrapolam aqueles abordados na formação proposta.…”