Social support of people with HIV/AIDS: the Social Determinants of Health Model

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the social support of people with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of the Social Determinants of Health Model. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 in an infectious disease outpatient clinic. The sample was made up of 116 people with HIV/AIDS. The data was collected through interviews, using a sociodemographic form and a social support scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to determine the association between social support and the social determinants of health. Results: Total social support was satisfactory, emotional support was infl uenced by smoking (p=0.0432) and instrumental support, by the number of people in the household (p=0.0003). The main source of instrumental and emotional support was relatives living outside the household, corresponding to 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. Conclusion: It was found that smokers havelower emotional support and people living alone received less instrumental support. Descriptors: HIV; Acquired Immunodefi ciency Syndrome; Social Support; Social Determinants of Health; Public Health. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o suporte social de pessoas com HIV/Aids, na perspectiva do Modelo da Determinação Social da Saúde. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em 2015, em um ambulatório de infectologia. A amostra constituiu-se de 116 pessoas com HIV/Aids. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevista, utilizando-se o formulário sociodemográfi co e a escala de suporte social. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, e realizaram-se os Testes T de Student e Mann-Whitney para verifi car a associação entre o suporte social e os determinantes sociais de saúde. Resultados: o suporte social total foi satisfatório, o suporte emocional foi infl uenciado pelo uso de tabaco (p=0,0432) e o instrumental, pelo número de pessoas no domicílio (p=0,0003). A principal fonte de apoio do suporte instrumental e emocional foram os familiares externos ao ambiente doméstico representando 66,7% e 56,1%, respectivamente. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que fumantes apresentam menor suporte emocional e que pessoas que residem sozinhas recebem menor suporte instrumental.

Retention in HIV care and associated factors among youths aged 15–24 years in rural southwestern Uganda

“…Being married, or having a spouse provides a source of psychological and emotional support which improves retention in HIV care compared to those who are single and not in a relationship. In a study by Santos et al [ 26 ] to determine the source of social support of people with HIV, the main source of physical, emotional and social support were spouses/partners. However, a study about predictors of retention in HIV care among youth (15–24 years) in a universal test-and-treat setting in rural Kenya, didn’t find any association between marital status and retention in HIV care [ 24 ].…”

Apoyo social y tipología familiar en mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH

“…El mismo comportamiento ocurre en una investigación en México [25], donde el apoyo social era positivo en más del 50 % de los pacientes, y suponen que a mayor apoyo es mayor la adherencia te-rapéutica. De igual manera, en un trabajo en Brasil [26] hallaron que la mayoría de los participantes tuvo un apoyo social satisfactorio total y lo relacionaron con características como la alta escolaridad, tener un trabajo y convivir con los miembros de la familia. El apoyo social permite a las personas de una familia sentirse integrada e importante; percibirse apoyada le permite canalizar sus emociones.…”

“…Un trabajo en Brasil encontró que los pacientes que vivían solos tuvieron menos apoyo social instrumental en comparación con aquellos que convivían junto a otras personas, lo cual podría ocasionar un impacto negativo sobre la salud, las actividades diarias y en la ayuda financiera [26]. En una revisión de la literatura sobre determinantes de la calidad de vida en personas que conviven con vih, realizada en Bélgica, se halló que el apoyo social a su vez ofrece un mejor efecto predictivo para las condiciones de salud y de calidad de vida.…”

Análise das necessidades de ajuda de homens com HIV que fazem sexo com homens

“…The nuclear family was not mentioned as the main source of support, which may be related to the lack of knowledge of the patients' positive HIV status among their family members. The diagnosis is often not disclosed to family members because HIV is still associated with morally reprehensible behavior, which may lead to discrimination and exclusion in the household (19) . Thus, friends can often replace family, welcoming and supporting these individuals with no judgment.…”

“…In this setting, help becomes voluntary and is based on reciprocal support with no mandatory repayment. Thus, receiving support from friends, who are the people who show concern, improves adherence and maintenance of treatment among PLHIV (19) .…”