Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Santiago Ramón y Cajal, scientists and Nobel laureates of a new century

Abstract

Pavlov and Cajal were two influential scientists who developed their work in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Both won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The authors analyze the similarities between their life and work, delving into a single aspect: the Nobel prize obtained by both with only two years of difference: Pavlov in 1904 and Cajal in 1906, shared with Camilo Golgi. Both belonged to two declining empires when nationalism was still of some importance. The theories proposed by them more than 115 years ago are still valid in much of what they contributed in their respective disciplines.

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“…• Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014 escritor, guionista, editor y periodista colombiano. En 1982 recibió el Premio Nobel de Literatura.…”

Historia de la neurociencia con rigor y vigor

“…Les cellules nerveuses sont des individualités morphologiques, des neurones, suivant le mot consacré par la autorité du prof. WALDEYER. Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1907) El profesor Waldeyer, al cual se refirió el padre de la neurociencia Santiago Ramón y Cajal, era el médico alemán Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Waldeyer (1836-1921) 3 , quien definió el cromosoma, en 1888, y en 1891 nombró "neurona" a la célula nerviosa descubierta por Ramón y Cajal (ver Rozo et al, 2022).…”

Cajal, the neuronal theory and the idea of brain plasticity

“…Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) discoveries have been incorporated into the scientific knowledge of our time. In previous articles we have highlighted the importance of some aspects of his work ( Rozo and Rodríguez-Moreno, 2014 , 2015a , b ; Rozo et al, 2017 ; Mateos-Aparicio and Rodríguez-Moreno, 2019 ; Rozo et al, 2022 ). Here we briefly introduce Cajal’s general influence in Neuroscience and highlight Cajal’s neuronal theory and the origin of the idea of brain and neuronal plasticity.…”