Lagged response of Tropical Atlantic Ocean to cold and fresh water pulse from Antarctic sea ice melting

TORRES1, ANA LAURA R.; Parise, Cláudia Klose; Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi; QUEIROZ, MICHELLY G.S.; Machado, Adilson Matheus Borges; Cerveira, Gabriel S; Correia, Gustavo S; Barbosa, Wesley Lima; Lima, Leonardo Gonçalves de; Sutil, Ueslei Adriano

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210800

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…According to Ciasto and Thompson (2008), large‐scale atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere is mainly driven by two climate variability modes: the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). On an interannual timescale, the interaction between these modes generates SST anomalies in the South Atlantic Ocean that contribute to the South American climate (Andreoli & Kayano, 2006; Parise et al, 2022; Queiroz et al, 2022; Rudeva & Simmonds, 2015; Silva & Ambrizzi, 2006; Torres et al, 2022; Vasconcellos et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming trends of southwestern Atlantic SST and the summer's warmest SST's impact on South American climate

Vasconcellos

Souza

Dereczynski

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Several atmospheric variables are directly influenced by oceanic conditions, mainly the sea surface temperature (SST). SST trends and variability over the southwestern Atlantic (SWA) have affected the South American climate, principally the monsoonal period (austral summer). This study analysed the SST trends over the SWA for all seasons. In addition, possible large‐scale triggers of the austral summer's warmest SST over the SWA and the straight impacts of these warmest SSTs on the South American climate were investigated. The results showed a significant positive SST trend of approximately 0.02°C·year−1 over the SWA for all seasons. Since 2000, positive SST anomalies have increased in frequency in all seasons, with the seven warmest summers occurring during the 2010s. The highest SST summers over the SWA have been related to four leading causes: (i) planetary waves triggered by warm anomalies over the subtropical South Pacific; (ii) an omega‐type blocking configuration over the South Atlantic; (iii) a Southern Annular Mode positive phase; and (iv) a strengthening of the Hadley Cell, responding to warm SST over tropical North Atlantic. They all reflected on intensification of the South Atlantic Subtropical High and the western boundary current, heating the SWA. The summer's warmest SST led to positive air temperature anomalies extending in almost all of eastern South America, with significantly highest temperatures over southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina and western Paraguay. Clouds decrease strengthen the incident shortwave in southeastern Brazil, warming the region. Significant reduction of cloudiness and precipitation indicate a low performance of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. The comparison of the warmest summers in 1980s–1990s in the SWA ratified the role of SST intensification. In conclusion, the positive SST trends over the SWA are related to the summer's warmest SST after 2000s, causing heating and dryness in eastern South America, mainly over southeastern Brazil.

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