Increase in the number of explosive low‒level cyclones around King George Island in the last three decades

Setzer, Alberto; Kayano, Mary Toshie; OLIVEIRA, MARCELO R.; Cerón, Wilmar Loaiza; Rosa, Marcelo Barbio

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220210633

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As evidenced by the HYSPLIT dispersion model, the sea salt microparticles showed a passway induced by the Antarctic ice sheet topography, which forced them to migrate through important mountain ranges (Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, and Vestfold Hills) that may act as mineral dust sources to be inserted in air currents. Additionally, a previous study have reported on the contributions of cyclones in the AP region in recent years, which has resulted in accounts relating to air mass contributions 19 . Parallel to that, pollutants emitted from research stations in the Indian Ocean Sector may also be postulated as a potential source of the microparticles that are observed at Criosfera 1, but at trace levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamic low atmosphere in the SO can be connected to the dispersion of pollen, dust material from the surrounding Antarctic semi-deserts, aerosol black carbon, and other microparticles into the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). Intense westerly winds and cyclones can impact the formation, breakup, and drift of sea ice in the SO and can enhance the mixing of different water and air masses 19 . For example, an explosive polar cyclone refers to a rapidly intensifying low-pressure system that develops in polar regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of air mass incursions from Southern Ocean play a role on microbial dispersions into West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Bendia,

Gonçalves,

Moreira

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The cryosphere microbiomes are mostly inoculated by airborne microorganisms, which can accumulate year by year over the accreted snow. The detection of sea salt, pollutants, volcanic glass and other lithogenic materials in the interior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is evidence of a continuous inflow of exogenous microparticles to that site. In this work we demonstrate, that, likewise, marine microorganisms follow same pattern and can be long-range transported through the Antarctic troposphere reaching out high latitudes. To evidence it, we constructed an excavated 2m-depth pit named “Criolab’ in the surroundings of the Brazilian Criosfera1 remote laboratory at WAIS to collect snow and firn samples for microbial diversity analysis, together with snow and airborne microparticle composition measurements. Origin of air masses reaching Criosfera 1 were inferred from air masses backward trajectories modelling. We found a discontinuous profile of microbial taxa abundances and diversity, which is likely a result of the air mass back trajectories changes that carried microorganisms from distinct Antarctic sources during an estimated period of 4 years. Our study indicates that different marine groups, such as SAR11, Idiomarina, and Nitrosopumilus, are shared between the WAIS snow and AP seawater communities, suggesting they are long-range transported over Antarctica. Considering their low and interspersed abundances, we postulate a pre- and post-depositional selection in the face of the extreme atmosphere and cryosphere conditions. Our observations have implications for the understanding of the aeolian dispersion patterns over Antarctica, indicating the importance of the marine microbiomes in seeding the interior of the continent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of air mass incursions from Southern Ocean play a role on microbial dispersions into West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Bendia,

Gonçalves,

Moreira

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…This is because the magnitude of the seasonally integrated bloom is dictated by the sum of intermittent pulses occurring at approximately weekly timescales (as hypothesized for the light green regions in figure 1c [29]). The impact of this understanding is that changes in annual mean chlorophyll-a (and by association the BCP) are tied to forcings that drive sub-seasonal fluctuations [74], such that the impact of climate variability will likely be reflected in localized responses to adjustments in wind [124][125][126] and/or eddy activity [127,128]. That said, although the degree to which largescale atmospheric variability drives intense short-term wind events remains unclear [129,130], a study by Hell et al [131] statistically explored variability in the SAM (i.e.…”

Section: Closing the Gap Between Fine-scales And Long-term Trends: Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton dynamics and carbon export: insights from a seasonal cycle approach

Thomalla

Plessis

Fauchereau

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Quantifying the strength and efficiency of the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump (BCP) and its response to predicted changes in the Earth's climate is fundamental to our ability to predict long-term changes in the global carbon cycle and, by extension, the impact of continued anthropogenic perturbation of atmospheric CO 2 . There is little agreement, however, in climate model projections of the sensitivity of the Southern Ocean BCP to climate change, with a lack of consensus in even the direction of predicted change, highlighting a gap in our understanding of a major planetary carbon flux. In this review, we summarize relevant research that highlights the important role of fine-scale dynamics (both temporal and spatial) that link physical forcing mechanisms to biogeochemical responses that impact the characteristics of the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton and by extension the BCP. This approach highlights the potential for integrating autonomous and remote sensing observations of fine scale dynamics to derive regionally optimized biogeochemical parameterizations for Southern Ocean models. Ongoing development in both the observational and modelling fields will generate new insights into Southern Ocean ecosystem function for improved predictions of the sensitivity of the Southern Ocean BCP to climate change. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.

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Widespread changes in Southern Ocean phytoplankton blooms linked to climate drivers

Thomalla,

Nicholson,

Ryan-Keogh

et al. 2023

Nat. Clim. Chang.

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Climate change is expected to elicit widespread alterations to nutrient and light supply, which interact to influence phytoplankton growth and their seasonal cycles. Using 25 years of satellite chlorophyll a data, we show that large regions of the Southern Ocean express significant multi-decadal trends in phenological indices that are typically larger (<50 days decade–1) than previously reported in modelling studies (<10 days decade–1). Although regionally dependent, there is an overall tendency for phytoplankton blooms to increase in amplitude, decline in seasonality, initiate later, terminate earlier and have shorter durations, except in the ice, which initiate earlier and have longer durations. Investigating relationships with prominent climate drivers highlights regional sensitivities and complexities of multiple interacting aspects of a changing climate. Seasonal adjustments of this magnitude at the base of the food web can de-synchronize energy transfer to higher trophic levels, threatening ecosystem services and impacting global climate by altering natural CO2 uptake.

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Increase in the number of explosive low‒level cyclones around King George Island in the last three decades

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Patterns of air mass incursions from Southern Ocean play a role on microbial dispersions into West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Patterns of air mass incursions from Southern Ocean play a role on microbial dispersions into West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Southern Ocean phytoplankton dynamics and carbon export: insights from a seasonal cycle approach

Widespread changes in Southern Ocean phytoplankton blooms linked to climate drivers

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