Technological competitiveness and emerging technologies in industry 4.0 and industry 5.0

Abstract

Technological competitiveness and emerging technologies are more necessary in the organizational strategy to cope with industrial advances and improve the nation's economy. In this sense, technological innovation, computational developments, smart devices, and other technologies are shaping the new industrial revolutions. Therefore, the technological competitiveness and emerging technologies of industry 4.0 and industry 5.0 are holistically analyzed to identify the key elements of developed economies and emerging economies. For this, we used a bibliometric analysis with Biblioshiny, a systematic review of the literature and a content analysis. The results in terms of technological competitiveness in developed economies show the importance of the competences and engineering skills in the personnel approach; R+D+i and the supply chain in the organizational approach; and the use of emerging technologies such as the internet of things and big data. The comparison with emerging economies indicates the importance of key elements such as training and education, and skills in the personnel approach; sustainability and structure in the organizational approach; and emerging technologies such as the internet of things and digitalization.

Analysis of the use of industry 4.0 technologies as competitive advantage

“…On the other hand, the relationship between industry 4.0 technologies and product innovation is statistically positive and significant 0.476 (p <0.05); indicating that the use of the analysed technologies means that companies can use the design and innovation of new products as a competitive advantage, for which the hypothesis is tested (4). These results are in agreement with (Alvarez-Aros & Bernal-Torres, 2021;Shamim et al, 2016;Wilkesmann & Wilkesmann, 2018), who proposes that the development of industry 4.0 is compatible and is a strategy that leads to innovation, and, thus, can also be used as a competitive advantage (Berawi, 2018). This is seen in technologies such as additive manufacturing (represented by 3D printing) which is associated with the expected benefits for the development of new products.…”

The role of I4.0 in a data-driven shared platform for a Circular product and service package

“…While PSS related studies analysed the Co-Creating e-Service Innovations [18], [44]; Product Services for a Resource-E cient and Circular Economy [45]; stakeholder perspective [46], [47]; usage-focused [48]; sharing economy [38]; risk management [49]; value proposition for smart PSS [2], [5], [50]- [52]; competencies and capabilities [1] and etc under business management and operational management genre [53]- [56]. Subsequently, the authors have discussed I4.0 related literature from the lens of technological competitiveness [57]; lean industry 4.0 [58]; smart factory [59]; IoT-embedded sustainable supply chain [60], [61]; value innovation [62]; etc. under engineering industries and manufacturing, electrical-electronic-equipment (EEE) and automation eld.…”

“…It provides an intrinsically accessible platform that assists management by adlibbing operational decision-making, digital transformation, and improving customer experience while increasing return on investment [58]. As a result, data generated by I4.0 technologies has become a crucial component of the business [57], [65].…”

Key Enablers of Industry 5.0 - Transition from 4.0 to the New Digital and Sustainable System

“…Alvarez-Aros & Bernal-Torres (2021) claim that the technological competitiveness and emerging technology are key factors of the organizational strategy for the transition from 4.0 to 5.0. They mention engineering skills as one of the most important competencies as well as the training and education with sustainable organizational approach [22]. Broo et al (2022) also see high importance in skills and suggests the rethinking of the engineering education by four strategies: "lifelong learning and transdisciplinary education (1), sustainability, resilience, and human-centric design modules (2), handson data fluency and management courses (3) and human-agent/machine/robot/computer interaction experiences (4)" [23].…”