Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from Citrus aurantifolia leaves and fruit peel against oral pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

Tooth decay is a major public health problem which affects a large number of people in several countries. Even though more than 700 bacterial species have been detected in the oral cavity, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus stand out as the genera that cause tooth decay and other periodontal diseases. In this study, essential oils from Citrus aurantifolia leaves (CL-EO) and fruit peel (CP-EO) were obtained by hydrodistillation by a Clevenger-type apparatus whereas their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limonene (77.5 %), linalool (20.1 %), citronellal (14.5 %) and citronellol (14.2 %) were the main constituents found in the essential oils from C. aurantifolia leaves and fruit peel. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. Both CL-EO and CP-EO displayed some activity against all oral pathogens under investigation; MIC values ranged from 20 to 200 µg/mL. CL-EO and CP-EO not only had promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 20 µg/mL) and Lactobacillus casei (31.25 µg/mL), but also displayed antibacterial activity against all studied cariogenic bacteria. Efficacy of essential oils against S. mutans and L. casei is noteworthy and should be further investigated.

Phytochemical screening of extracts from Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae) leaves and their in vitro antioxidant and anti-Listeria monocytogenes activities

“…However, the hexane extract was the only one that had low activity against bacteria whose MIC value was 1000 µg mL -1 (Table 2). Lemes et al (2018) have recently reported that MIC values below 100 µg mL -1 , between 100 and 500 µg mL -1 and between 500 and 1000 µg mL -1 correspond to promising, moderate and weak activities, respectively, whereas MIC values above 1000 µg mL -1 denote inactivity. Thus, it confirms the antibacterial potential of the most polar extracts from S. odoratissima leaves.…”

Chemical composition and in vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils from fruit peel of three Citrus species and limonene on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

“…In order to keep carrying out studies of determination of chemical composition of EO and their activity against white mold (Valadares et al, 2018) and considering the interest of our research group in EO from Citrus species (Estevam et al, 2016;Lemes et al, 2018), the study reported by this paper addresses the chemical composition of EO extracted from Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis and C. deliciosa fruit peel ( Figure 1) and their in vitro inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum.…”

Yield, Phytochemical Constituents, and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves/Twigs, Branches, Branch Wood, and Branch Bark of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.)

“…Leaves EO of C. aurantium grown in Shiraz (south of Iran) showed the presence of limonene, linalool, and trans-β-ocimene as major components and exhibited strong antioxidant activity [65]. EO obtained by cold pressing of C. aurantium fruits with high percentage of limonene (77.90%) and minor percentages of β-pinene (3.40%) and myrcene (1.81%) was inactive against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, while moderately active against Stapylococcus aureus [66].…”