Efficiency of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogum flexuosus in the sedation and anaesthesia of Nile tilapia juveniles

Abstract

This study aimed to verify the sedative and anaesthetic effect of the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum) (EOOB) and lemongrass (Cymbopogum flexuosus) (EOCF) in Nile tilapia juveniles. The fish were transferred to aquaria containing different concentrations of each essential oil: 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 μL L -1 . The time of sedation ranged from 7 to 31 seconds and the recommended concentration was 10 or 25 μL L -1 for both essential oils. The best times for anaesthesia and recovery were found for the concentrations of 400 μL L -1 for EOOB (135.2 and 199.1 seconds, respectively) and 600 μL L -1 for EOCF (327.1 and 374.8 seconds, respectively). In conclusion, we recommend the use of EOOB and EOCF for the sedation and anaesthesia of Nile tilapia at concentrations of 10-25 (for both), 400 and 600 μL L -1 , respectively.

Essential oil of Magnolia denudata is an effective anesthetic for spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus): a test of its effect on blood biochemistry, physiology, and gill morphology

“…In addition, another study showed the use of C. exuosus essential oil for the anesthesia in Oreochromis niloticus. Notely, the main active ingredients in the C. exuosus essential oil are geranial and neral (Netto et al, 2017). Cinnamaldehyde, a Trpa1 agonist, acts as a local anesthetic by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels in sensory neurons (Boonen et al, 2014).…”

Anaesthetics and analgesics used in adult fish for research: A review

“…72 The EOs of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemongrass (Cymbopogum flexuosus) were tested as anaesthetics for Nile tilapia; both are recommended for sedation at a concentration of 10-25 ml/l, and for anaesthesia at a concentration of 400 ml/l for basil EO and 600 ml/l for lemongrass EO. 75 In juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), the EO of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) at a concentration of 200 ml/l was sufficient to induce sedation, while the concentration range of 400-600 ml/l was adequate to induce deep anaesthesia. A concentration of 600 ml/l was sufficient to promote a rapid induction in less than 3 min and a recovery from deep anaesthesia in less than 5 min.…”

“…The EOs of basil ( Ocimum basilicum ) and lemongrass ( Cymbopogum flexuosus ) were tested as anaesthetics for Nile tilapia; both are recommended for sedation at a concentration of 10–25 µl/l, and for anaesthesia at a concentration of 400 µl/l for basil EO and 600 µl/l for lemongrass EO. 75…”

Effects of Eugenol on Water Quality and the Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili) under Simulated Transport Conditions

“…However, the edible safety of fish treated with anesthetics has aroused great concern, and questions remain about the efficiency and safety of these synthetic anesthetics as residues in human food, leading researchers to seek easily available, low-cost, and safe anesthetics [ 18 , 19 ]. Plant extracts or essential oils may be viable alternatives to fish anesthetics, such as basil Ocimum basilicum essential oil, rubber seeds ( Hevea brasiliensis ), and tuba root ( Derris elliptica ) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”