Tryptophan overloading activates brain regions involved with cognition, mood and anxiety

Silva, Luana C.A.; Viana, Milena de Barros; Andrade, Januário de; Souza, Melyssa Alves; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina; D’Almeida, Vânia

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160177

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…[28] demonstrated that a tryptophan-abundant diet led to greater levels of Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir), and therefore brain activity, in areas of the brain responsible for mediating anxiety: the PFC, nucleus accumbens, paraventricular hypothalamus, arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsolateral and dorsomedial periaqueductal grey, DRN, and median raphe nucleus (MRN). Hsiao et al…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Songtachalert

Roomruangwong

Carvalho

et al. 2018

CTMC

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Introduction: Anxiety disorders manifest in women more than in men by almost twofold. This narrative review aims to summarize the sex-related biological factors, which underpin anxiety, focusing on the interactions of sex and tryptophan/serotonin with anxiety. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases from inception until December 31, 2017. Results: This review shows that sex may interact with many serotonin functions thereby modulating anxiety, including 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT transporter and central 5-HT concentrations and metabolism. Sex-steroids modulate the expression of serotonin transporter genes, creating a difference in serotonin availability. Sex and estrous cycle phases lead to varying anxiety responses to tryptophan depletion. Testosterone, progesterone and estrogen are important factors in mediating sex differences in serotonin responses to anxietygenerating behavioral tests. At prenatal levels, there are sex-related differences in the reciprocal relationships between serotonin and the HPA-axis, which modulate anxiety-like behaviors. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxynease (IDO) and the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway thereby increasing tryptophan degradation and increasing the production of TRYCATs including kynurenine and quinolinic acid, which may create an overall anxiogenic effect. The effects of immune activation on IDO are significantly more pronounced in women than men and therefore females may show increased levels of anxiogenic TRYCAT following immune challenge. Aberrations in the IDO-activated TRYCAT pathway are found in pregnant females and parturients and are associated with increased anxiety levels in the postnatal period.

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Songtachalert

Roomruangwong

Carvalho

et al. 2018

CTMC

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“…Hypothalamus has the ability to produce a hormone that can control appetite, namely serotonin. Tryptophan is an important element needed by the body in the balance of serotonin, melatonin and other hormones that are important in the body's metabolism (Silva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Gender, Tryptophan and Vitamin B3 Consumption Patterns With Emotional Eating in Overweight Adolescents

Mutiek

Fanani

Nuhriawangsa

2021

MGI

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Emotional eating is the propensity to eat in response of negative emotions such as stress, anxiety and depression. Adolescents with overweight may experience an increase in leptin levels as well as disruption of serotonin resulting in disruption of sensitivity in regulating appetite and emotions, thereby causing emotional eating. Emotional eating can be aff ected by several factors including gender and fulfi llment of nutrients such as tryptophan and vitamin B3 as substances that help the production of serotonin in the body. This study aimed to examine the relationship between gender, tryptophan and vitamin B3 consumption patterns with emotional eating in overweight adolescents. This was cross sectional study in adolescents ranges 15–18 years with overweight or obesity status in Surakarta. In total 122 adolescents taken by purposive sampling method. Emotional eating data were obtained from the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) questionnaire while the consumption patterns data were obtained using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). This study that there was a relationship between tryptophan consumption pattern with emotional eating in overweight adolescents, but there was no relationship between gender and vitamin B3 consumption pattern with emotional eating in overweight adolescents. It can be concluded that there was a relationship between Tryptophan consumption pattern with emotional eating in overweight adolescents and there was no relationship between gender and vitamin B3 consumption pattern with emotional eating in overweight adolescents.

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“…Такая выраженная поло-жительная динамика продуктивности мышления по сравнению с речью и слухоречевой памятью может объясняться особенностями изучаемых видов мышления -наглядно-действенного и на-глядно-образного, в которых ведущими являют-ся зрительный и пространственный компонен-ты [16]. Через них, вероятно, и реализуется преимущественно фармакологический ýффект L-триптофана, что согласуется с проведенными ранее исследованиями [17].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influence of L-tryptophan use on the dynamics of cognitive functions in the complex therapy of delayed psycho-speech development in children

Поляков¹,

Рычкова²,

Белогорова³

et al. 2018

Bûll. sib. med.

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The purpose of this studyis to evaluate the ability of L-tryptophan used in complex therapy of delayed psycho-speech development in children to influence the dynamics of cognitive performance.Materials and methods. The study included 80 children aged 3–7 years with delayed psycho-speech development (DPSD). The main group consisted of 37 children (25 male and 12 female), a control group – 43 patients (30 male and 13 female). Both groups of children were comparable in age, sex, degree of speech and cognitive impairment, and IQ level. Patients in the main group have taken standard therapy with L-tryptophan (25–50 mg per day depending on the age) supplement for 14 days. Control patients have taken standard therapy only. Psychodiagnostic tests at the entrance and exit of patients from this study was carried out for evaluation the dynamics of cognitive functions. All differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. The study suggests that oral L-tryptophan intake selectively affects the dynamics of cognitive performance in children with DPSD. So, we studied pre- and post-treatment cognitive performance in both group patients and noted a significant improvement in the visual memory (p < 0.001) and an increase in thinking productivity (p < 0.001) in the tryptophan group versus similar indicators in the control group. Intergroup differences (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively, for the main and control groups) also found.Conclusion. Two-week L-tryptophan intake in complex therapy of DPSD in children can significantly improve the cognitive activity, and greatly increase both the effectiveness and sustainability of treatment outcomes, which will significantly reduce the time and frequency of hospitalization and financial costs for the rehabilitation of this patients.

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Tryptophan overloading activates brain regions involved with cognition, mood and anxiety

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Anxiety Disorders: Sex Differences in Serotonin and Tryptophan Metabolism

Relationship Between Gender, Tryptophan and Vitamin B3 Consumption Patterns With Emotional Eating in Overweight Adolescents

Influence of L-tryptophan use on the dynamics of cognitive functions in the complex therapy of delayed psycho-speech development in children

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