In the literature, there are suggestions of a possible mutual influence between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to analyze data found in the literature related to pathogenetic aspects of the impact of OSA on COVID-19, and vice versa, and features of the course of this comorbidity in both adulthood and childhood. Information was searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, and RSCI databases, which presented some data for the connection between COVID-19 and OSA, as well as aspects of OSA and COVID-19 comorbidity for adults and the elderly. The common pathophysiological pathways leading to increased systemic inflammation and adverse consequences of OSA and COVID-19 infection do coexist and were revealed in detail. We paid special attention to aspects of this comorbidity in children and found that research in this area was lacking. Based on this information, it should be concluded that: 1) more pediatric studies of links between OSA and COVID-19 are urgently needed; 2) screening hospitalized COVID-19 patients with tools to detect OSA could identify those at risk for a severe course of these diseases and adverse outcomes; 3) treating OSA will allow increasing the likelihood of developing a robust and long-lasting post-COVID-19 adaptive immunity in these patients.

The aimof the work is to study the state of health and peculiarities of metabolic reactions in adolescents, representatives of the small Siberian ethnos - tofalars and caucasians.Materials and methods.Clinico-biochemical examination of children and adolescents, representatives of a small ethnic group – Тofalars and Caucasians, permanently residing in the territory of Tofalaria in the Irkutsk region. The metabolic status of adolescents was assessed using spectrophotometric (total cholesterol, diene conjugates), fluorometric (superoxide dismutase activity, α-tocopherol and retinol levels), immunoenzymes (determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, cortisol).Results. An increased incidence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, as well as diseases of the endocrine system and eating disorders – among Тofalars; diseases of the genitourinary system – among Сaucasians. For practically healthy Тofalar teenagers, in contrast to Сaucasians of the newcomer population, adaptive metabolism reactions are characteristic, which is expressed by a reduced level of total cholesterol and increased values of antioxidant factors (the level of fat-soluble vitamins – α-tocopherol and retinol), and adaptive changes in the system of neuroendocrine regulation.Сonclusion. An assessment of the health status of children and adolescents in Tofalaria has shown the need for more intensive monitoring of the incidence rate in the specified region, with the obligatory consideration of the ethnic factor for the development of regional ethno-specific preventive measures.

Last year the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has started. The new coronavirus is highly contagious and causes severe complications. The mechanisms of humoral immunity and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in a population are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to summarize and analyze numerous global and Russian serological studies for understanding dynamics of the SARSCoV-2 humoral immune response and getting an accurate picture of the seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in the world population. The PubMed and e-library databases were searched from February 2020 to March 2021 using terms “SARSCoV-2”, “antibodies”, “humoral immunity”. At the beginning of the pandemic first studies were cross-sectional by design and were responsible for determination of the seropositivity and for understanding the fundamental humoral immunity parameters of SARS-CoV-2. Since then, longitudinal seroepidemiological studies have been studying antibody kinetics. Seroconversion time for IgM, IgG antibodies varies, but most researchers report the seroconversion of IgM from the 1st to 14th days after the onset of clinical manifestations, and the seroconversion for IgG is around the 14th day with a concentration peak by the 21st day. Regarding seroprevalence we may say about low herd immunity at the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, global seroprevalence is about 10 %, and more than 20 % for regions with high incidence and among healthcare workers. Seroprevalence studies have to be continued for more accurate monitoring of long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, because the majority of the world’s population is still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective. To determine the most general patterns of the clinical and laboratory course of seasonal influenza in children with obesity compared with normal weight children. Patients and methods. A retrospective comparative study of 117 medical records of children with influenza admitted from 2016 to 2019 to the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital was conducted. The study included two groups of children with seasonal influenza: children with obesity (cases, n = 36) and children with normal weight (controls, n = 81). Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza and other common respiratory pathogens by PCR. A comparative analysis of structure, prevalence and duration of main clinical symptoms and syndromes, occurrence of influenza complications, data of laboratory general, biochemical and instrumental methods of examination in children with and without obesity was carried out. Results. A prevalence of type A influenza virus (H1N1 sw2009) in all children regardless their body weight status was detected. Children with obesity were admitted to the hospital from out-patient department faster (p < 0.005), duration of their hospitalization were longer (p < 0.005). They had higher frequency of pneumonia (p > 0.05), ketoacidosis (p < 0.001). Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy was ordered more often in patients with obesity (p < 0.03). Hematologic factors of blood in children with obesity were defined by significantly higher level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.0006) and platelet level (p = 0.0032). Conclusion. Obesity is considered as an unfavorable factor which aggravates the course of influenza in children. Higher probability of complications in children with obesity and overweight defines the importance of development of additional approaches to the therapy and prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children. Key words: children, clinical symptoms, influenza, obesity, retrospective study

РезюмеЦель: изучение отношения к вакцинации врачей разных специальностей г. Иркутска.Материалы и методы. По данным кросс-секционного описательного многоцентрового исследования проведена оценка информированности в вопросах вакцинопрофилактики 324 врачей разных специальностей. Из указанной выборки респондентов были выделены 3 группы: группа 1 (n = 218) -врачи, назначающие вакцинацию детям (педиатры, неонатологи); группа 2 (n = 54) -врачи, назначающие вакцинацию взрослым (терапевты, акушеры-гинекологи); группа 3 (n = 52) -врачи, которые могут консультировать по вопросам вакцинации (неврологи, хирурги и другие специалисты). Статистический анализ результатов проведён с использованием программы «Statistica 6.0». Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез о существовании различий показателей между группами p принят равным 0,05.

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The purpose of this studyis to evaluate the ability of L-tryptophan used in complex therapy of delayed psycho-speech development in children to influence the dynamics of cognitive performance.Materials and methods. The study included 80 children aged 3–7 years with delayed psycho-speech development (DPSD). The main group consisted of 37 children (25 male and 12 female), a control group – 43 patients (30 male and 13 female). Both groups of children were comparable in age, sex, degree of speech and cognitive impairment, and IQ level. Patients in the main group have taken standard therapy with L-tryptophan (25–50 mg per day depending on the age) supplement for 14 days. Control patients have taken standard therapy only. Psychodiagnostic tests at the entrance and exit of patients from this study was carried out for evaluation the dynamics of cognitive functions. All differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. The study suggests that oral L-tryptophan intake selectively affects the dynamics of cognitive performance in children with DPSD. So, we studied pre- and post-treatment cognitive performance in both group patients and noted a significant improvement in the visual memory (p < 0.001) and an increase in thinking productivity (p < 0.001) in the tryptophan group versus similar indicators in the control group. Intergroup differences (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively, for the main and control groups) also found.Conclusion. Two-week L-tryptophan intake in complex therapy of DPSD in children can significantly improve the cognitive activity, and greatly increase both the effectiveness and sustainability of treatment outcomes, which will significantly reduce the time and frequency of hospitalization and financial costs for the rehabilitation of this patients.

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