Kinetics of rabies antibodies as a strategy for canine active immunization

Babboni, Selene Daniela; Costa, Hení Falcão da; Martorelli, Luzia Fátima Alves; Kataoka, Akihiro; Victória, Cassiano; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Modolo, José Rafael

doi:10.1186/1678-9199-20-37

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the studies mentioned above, the age or primary vaccination and lack of a shortinterval booster (or a complement of primary vaccination) appear as the major problems leading to vaccination failure. Reinforcing the importance of complementation of primary vaccination, BABBONI et al (2014) demonstrated that 99% of 576 primo vaccinated dogs receiving a booster 30 days later harbored adequate antibody levels when examined a month later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

et al. 2017

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The present study investigated the frequency and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus (RABV) in dogs with and without historic of vaccination in Santa Maria/RS. Group A included serum samples from 440 dogs with recent historic of vaccination against rabies, obtained during the 2015 rabies vaccination campaign. Group B included 300 serum samples from dogs submitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in 2015, whose historic of rabies vaccination was unknown. Serum samples were submitted to the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) to detect neutralizing antibodies against RABV. In group A, 70.6% (310/440) of the samples had neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5 international units per milliliter (IU mL-1), considered an indicative of protection against rabies by the World Health Organization. However, approximately 30% of the dogs did not contain antibodies in adequate levels. In group B, 42.3% (127/300) of the samples contained neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5IU mL-1 and 57.7% (173/300) were negative or contained titers below of the value considered immunized. These results demonstrate that an important proportion of vaccinated dogs (~30%) did not develop adequate antibody levels, mainly those receiving a single vaccine dose. Serologic testing of animals with unknown historic of vaccination revealed relatively low vaccine coverage in the general dog population. Thus, reformulation of immunization strategies - especially the recommendation of a boost vaccination 30 days after the primary dose - and extension of vaccination campaigns are necessary to reach adequate levels and coverage of immunity against RABV in the canine population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has achieved the goal of eradicating rabies by the development of a mass canine rabies vaccine in Latin American countries [ 19 – 21 ]. These successful experiences suggest that the key to rabies prevention and control is the virus control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Li¹,

Chen²,

Qu³

et al. 2015

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundRabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend noted in northern and western China, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of human rabies in this area and control the disease.MethodsWe chose patients in hospital isolation in 18 municipalities in Henan province as the investigation subjects. Data were collected through systematic reporting from these hospitals, whereas a questionnaire was applied to the relatives of patients.ResultsA total of 1022 rabies cases were reported. The incidence of human rabies in Henan has increased rapidly since 2005, having peaked in 2007, and maintained a high level in the remaining years. The cases were found mainly in rural areas in the south and east of the province. Rabies was often noted in summer and with the highest number in August. Most cases were noted in males and often in farmers. The patients aged between 40 and 60 years accounted for 36.8 % of all the cases. The wound treatment rate (12.2 %) and vaccination rate (2.6 %) of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low, while the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate was only 2.8 %.ConclusionsRabies epidemic cases at the county level overall were increasing in Henan province during the period of 2005–2013; the epidemic has spread quickly. The data in this study imply that the disease could be better managed by more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors, improved education and better government policies.

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“…The authors believe that reducing the number of clinic visits and associated costs potentially improves patient compliance with the treatment plan. 15,[27][28][29][30] When used appropriately and timely, rabies PEP is almost 100% effective in preventing the disease. 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristics of Post-exposure Prophylaxis of Rabies in Varna Region for the Period 2014-2018

Kolarova-Dimitrova¹

2020

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Introduction: Rabies is a viral zoonosis still posing a significant threat to public health worldwide, especially in developing countries. The disease can be controlled by animal vaccination and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis in humans administered in the earliest possible time. Aim: To study and analyze animal-related injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies.  Materials and methods: Between 2014 and 2018, a retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in Varna region, which in-cluded 1462 persons who suffered injuries from animals. The study was based on the official data in the annual analysis of the Regional Health Inspectorate (RHI) in Varna. The information was summarized, analyzed, and graphically illustrated. The results were statisti-cally analysed using SPSS v. 20 employing variational and comparative (χ2) analyses. The statistical significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: Of 1462 registered post-injury care seekers, 642 (42.7%) had to be given post-exposure prophylaxis on an emergency basis. The latter were mainly city residents (91.8%). Immunization against rabies was given in the first two days after exposure in 477 (76.4%) subjects. The average number of doses per immunized person was 3.63. The injuries were mainly from stray dogs (58.14%), followed by domestic (37.41%) and wild (4.45%) animals. According to the anatomical site of injury, limb injuries predominated in 88.65% (lower limbs 45% and upper limbs 43.64%). Most of the injuries were light (71.54%), followed by moderate (18.91%) and severe injuries (9.61%).  Conclusions: Rabies prevention can be much more facilitated by the combined efforts of doctors, veterinarians, animal welfare orga-nizations and, last but not least, responsible population behavior. Post-exposure prophylaxis is an integral part of successfully curbing rabies programs but effective disease control can be achieved only through health education and vaccination of animals.

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Kinetics of rabies antibodies as a strategy for canine active immunization

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan province in China from 2005 to 2013

Epidemiological Characteristics of Post-exposure Prophylaxis of Rabies in Varna Region for the Period 2014-2018

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