Variabilidade climática aumenta a morbimortalidade associada ao material particulado

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study has been to analyze whether fine particulate matter (PM2.5), as well as its synergistic effect with maximum temperature, humidity, and seasons, is associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases.METHODS This is an ecological study of time series. We have used as outcomes the daily death and hospitalization records of adults aged 45 years and over from 2009 to 2011 of the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We have used Poisson regression using generalized additive models, assuming a significance level of 5%. The model has been controlled for temporal trend, seasonality, average temperature, humidity, and season effects. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate material with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) have been obtained by converting the values of optical aerosol thickness. Maximum temperature, humidity, and seasons have been separately included in the model as dummy variables for the analysis of the synergistic effect of PM2.5 with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. We have calculated the percentage increase of relative risk (%RR) of deaths and hospitalizations for the linear increase of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5.RESULTS Between 2009 and 2011, the increase in PM2.5 was associated with a %RR 2.28 (95%CI 0.53–4.06) for hospitalizations on the same day of exposure and RR% 3.57 (95%CI 0.82–6.38) for deaths with a lag of three days. On hot days, %RR 4.90 (95%CI -0.61–9.38) was observed for deaths. No modification of the effect of PM2.5 was observed for maximum temperature in relation to hospitalizations. On days with low humidity, %RR was 5.35 (95%CI -0.20–11.22) for deaths and 2.71 (95%CI -0.39–5.92) for hospitalizations. In the dry season, %RR was 2.35 (95%CI 0.59–4.15) for hospitalizations and 3.43 (95%CI 0.58–6.35) for deaths.CONCLUSIONS The PM2.5 is associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and its effects may be potentiated by heat and low humidity and during the dry season.

Atmospheric Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in the City of Manaus from 2008 to 2012

“…e results in the present study differ from other studies that showed the relationship between PM 2.5 and the increased risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease in people over 60 years. e adverse effects of PM on hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease were correlated with the same day of pollutant increase (lag 0) and decreased the risk on subsequent days [27][28][29][30]. e present study also differs from the academic literature that shows an association between PM 2.5 and the increase in hospitalization for cardiorespiratory diseases [31][32][33].…”

“…the physiological response to toxic agents, increasing individual vulnerability [30]. We could not find any scientific articles that could support our findings.…”

Association of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

“…Of the nine studies that evaluated CVD mortality [27,31,33,35,36,37,38,43,44], eight (91%) reported significant effects of long-term PM 2.5 exposure. Of these studies, six were conducted in China, and one study each was carried out in Mexico, India, and Brazil.…”

Fatores socioeconômicos aumentam os efeitos nocivos da poluição atmosférica e da temperatura na mortalidade

“…Relative risk percentage (% RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases related to the linear increase of 1ºC in the maximum temperature by simple lag, according to socioeconomic status in the residential environment and proximity to vehicular traffic . Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, from 2009 to 2011. elemental carbon and sulfate 26 , O 3 27 and the concentration of semivolatile particles 23 .On the other hand, the synergistic effects between high temperatures and atmospheric pollutants, such as O 3 and PM, have been related to the increased risk of mortality due to CVDs 14,28 . Heat can overload the body's thermoregulation system and increase individual vulnerability to the effects of air pollutants 29 .…”