Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction

Morphological and histochemical correlation of recovery after spinal transection in rat

“…We feel that these observations suggest regeneration of the aminergic terminals and are, perhaps, related to this improved function. This conclusion is further supported by the observation of Grillner (1975) who discussed the role of spinal noradrenergic mechanisms in locomotion and reflex activity.…”

Lamina VII neurons are rhythmically active during locomotor-like activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord

“…Other regions of the brainstem are also capable of generating locomotion (for reviews see L7 Shik et al 1976;Grillner 1975 Noga et al 1991).…”

Regulation by exercise of the pool of G4 acetylcholinesterase characterizing fast muscles: opposite effect of running training in antagonist muscles

“…As a consequence, the contraction of the ankle flexors must overcome the inertia forces generated by deceleration during the transition from extension to flexion and, most important, by acceleration during the protraction of the hindlimb. More specifically, during the swing phase, the flexors develop a force counteracting the torque generated at the ankle joint by the limb speed changes (Grillner, 1975). In addition, ankle flexors are again shortly activated, simultaneously with the extensors, as the limb is extended toward the ground.…”