Regulation by exercise of the pool of G4 acetylcholinesterase characterizing fast muscles: opposite effect of running training in antagonist muscles

Jasmin, B. J.; Gisiger, Victor

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-05-01444.1990

Cited by 56 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Consistently with that reported by the literature (Kelly et al 1996;Samelman 2000;Desplanches et al 2004;Noble et al 2006;Liu et al 2006 as a review), exercise training of moderate intensity by treadmill running significantly increased Hsp70 protein levels. Our data further show that this occurred in the posterior hindlimb muscles, which play a dynamic role during running, whereas it was apparently absent in muscles, like the tibialis anterior, which exhibited a predominant tonic activity (Jasmin and Gisiger 1990). In addition, normobaric hypoxia significantly increased muscle levels of Hsp70, similarly to that described after exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (Magalhaes et al 2005a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Cellular distribution of Hsp70 expression in rat skeletal muscles. Effects of moderate exercise training and chronic hypoxia

Tarricone¹,

Scapin²,

Vitadello³

et al. 2008

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Rat hindlimb muscles constitutively express the inducible heat shock protein 72 (Hsp70), apparently in proportion to the slow myosin content. Since it remains controversial whether chronic Hsp70 expression reflects the overimposed stress, we investigated Hsp70 cellular distribution in fast muscles of the posterior rat hindlimb after (1) mild exercise training (up to 30 m/min treadmill run for 1 h/day), which induces a remodeling in fast fiber composition, or (2) prolonged exposure to normobaric hypoxia (10%O 2 ), which does not affect fiber-type composition. Both conditions increased significantly protein Hsp70 levels in the skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemistry showed the labeling for Hsp70 in subsets of both slow/ type 1 and fast/type 2A myofibers of control, sedentary, and normoxic rats. Endurance training increased about threefold the percentage of Hsp70-positive myofibers (P<0.001), and changed the distribution of Hsp70 immunoreactivity, which involved a larger subset of both type 2A and intermediate type 2A/2X myofibers (P<0.001) and vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypoxia induced Hsp70 immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells of veins and did not increase the percentage of Hsp70-positive myofibers; however, sustained exposure to hypoxia affected the distribution of Hsp70 immunoreactivity, which appeared detectable in a very small subset of type 2A fibers, whereas it concentrated in type 1 myofibers (P<0.05) together with the labeling for heme-oxygenase isoform 1, a marker of oxidative stress. Therefore, the chronic induction of Hsp70 expression in rat skeletal muscles is not obligatory related to the slow fiber phenotype but reveals the occurrence of a stress response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Cellular distribution of Hsp70 expression in rat skeletal muscles. Effects of moderate exercise training and chronic hypoxia

Tarricone¹,

Scapin²,

Vitadello³

et al. 2008

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Total AChE activity was determined using a modified version of the spectrophotometric method of Ellman (19) in the presence of 10 Ϫ5 M tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide, which inhibits nonspecific cholinesterases as described previously (20). Specific AChE activity was monitored by comparing substrate hydrolysis in the absence or presence of the AChE-specific inhibitor 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of AChE molecular forms in induced versus uninduced cells and in the growth medium was determined by velocity sedimentation as described in detail elsewhere (18,20). Briefly, 100-l samples were layered onto 5-20% linear sucrose gradients containing either Triton X-100 or Brij-96.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Acetylcholinesterase T and R Transcripts during Hematopoietic Differentiation Is Accompanied by Parallel Elevations in the Levels of Their Respective Molecular Forms

Chan

Adatia

Krupa

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Differentiation of hematopoietic cells is known to be accompanied by profound changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity, yet the basic mechanisms underlying this developmental regulation remain unknown. We initiated a series of experiments to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating AChE expression during hematopoiesis. Differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells using dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in a 5-and 10-fold increase in intracellular and secreted AChE enzyme activity, respectively. Interestingly, these increases resulted from a preferential induction of the globular molecular form G 1 and a slight increase in G 4 instead of an increase in the levels of the G 2 membrane-bound form, a molecular form expressed in mature erythrocytes. Concomitantly, expression of the two predominant AChE transcripts (R and T, for read-through and tail, respectively) in MEL cells was induced to a similar extent with differentiation. Nuclear run-on assays performed with nuclei isolated from induced versus uninduced MEL cells revealed that in contrast to the large increases seen in the transcription of the ␤-globin gene, the transcriptional activity of the AChE gene remained largely unaffected after differentiation. Determination of the half-lives of the R and T transcripts demonstrated that they both exhibited an increase in stability in induced MEL cells. Taken together, results from these studies indicate that posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms account for the increased expression of AChE in differentiated hematopoietic cells.

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“…Velocity sedimentation analyses of the AChE molecular forms were performed as described previously (Gisiger and Stephens 1988;Jasmin and Gisiger 1990). Aliquots (50-100 l) of the supernatants obtained after a low-speed centrifugation (20,000 ϫ g for 15 min) were loaded on 5-20% sucrose gradients and centrifuged in a Beckman SW41 rotor at 40,000 rpm for 19 hr at 3C.…”

Section: Ache Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Acetylcholinesterase Molecular Forms in a Continuous Tubular Lysosomal System of Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Bendayan

Gisiger

2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y By applying the highly sensitive cytochemical Gautron's technique, we were able to reveal AChE activity in rat pancreatic acinar cells, particularly at the level of a complex membrane-bound network formed by tubules with varicosities located around the nuclei and close to the basolateral membrane. The Golgi apparatus was devoid of cytochemical reaction beside the trans -Golgi network cisternae, which showed a positive reaction. The RER of some acinar cells also presented a signal, demonstrating their capability of synthesizing AChE. Immunogold using a specific anti-AChE antibody yielded similar results. Double-labeling experiments corroborated the presence of enzyme cytochemical and immunocytochemical signals in the same lysosomal tubular network. Biochemical sedimentation assays confirmed the presence of AChE in acinar cells, which exists as two globular molecular forms, G 1 and G 4 . These results were obtained with pancreatic tissue in situ as well as with isolated acinar cells maintained in culture and devoid of neural elements. The existence of a continuous tubular lysosomal network containing AChE is in agreement with previous reports on acinar and other cell types, and supports a more general hypothesis on dynamic continuities among cell structures. Whether AChE is being secreted by the acinar cells or internalized through this endo-lysosomal system was not defined. However, the capability of the acinar cells to synthesize AChE and to channel it through a tubular system is a good indication that the cells can modulate their cholinergic stimulation for optimal secretion of digestive enzymes. (J Histochem Cytochem 49: 29 -39, 2001)

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Regulation by exercise of the pool of G4 acetylcholinesterase characterizing fast muscles: opposite effect of running training in antagonist muscles

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Cellular distribution of Hsp70 expression in rat skeletal muscles. Effects of moderate exercise training and chronic hypoxia

Cellular distribution of Hsp70 expression in rat skeletal muscles. Effects of moderate exercise training and chronic hypoxia

Increased Expression of Acetylcholinesterase T and R Transcripts during Hematopoietic Differentiation Is Accompanied by Parallel Elevations in the Levels of Their Respective Molecular Forms

Demonstration of Acetylcholinesterase Molecular Forms in a Continuous Tubular Lysosomal System of Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cells

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