Maternal and Sociodemographic Factors Influence the Consumption of Ultraprocessed and Minimally-Processed Foods in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Objective To analyze the consumption of minimally-processed and ultraprocessed foods in relation with sociodemographic variables, maternal habits, educational activity received during prenatal care and clinical history. Methods A cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study with 1,035 pregnant women who lives in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil (RMGV-ES), and who were hospitalized in establishments of the Unified Health System (SUS) due to childbirth (April–September 2010). The food frequency questionnaire, pregnant woman's card and information from the medical records of the health facility unit were analyzed. The Chi-square test and the binary logistic regression model were used to investigate the association between the independent variables and the consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Results It was identified that pregnant women ≤19 years of age were 2.9 times more likely to consume ultraprocessed foods (confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.683–5.168, p < 0.001), while those ≥35 years old were less likely to consume them (odds ratio [OR] 0.265, 95% CI 0.105–0.666, p = 0.005). Maternal smoking increased the odds of consumption of ultraprocessed foods by 2.2 times (95% CI 1.202–4.199, p = 0.011) and pregnant women who did not obtain information on healthy food during prenatal care presented 54.1% less chances of consuming minimally-processed foods (OR 0.459, 95% CI 0.307–0.687, p < 0.001). Conclusion Smoking during the gestational period and being a teenager are factors that influence the consumption of ultraprocessed foods of pregnant women. Race/color, head of household, age group, receiving of information about feeding in the prenatal period and not having smoked in gestation determined the consumption of minimally-processed foods.

Factors associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in a cohort of Brazilian pregnant women

“…According to Brazilian 27,28 and international studies 29 , age seems to has an important effect on eating behavior. Unhealthy eating habits, including replacing regular meals with snacks, eating while watching TV, and consuming high energy-dense beverages, are behaviors related to younger individuals 2 , who tend to be more susceptible to marketing appeals 30 .…”

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are associated with sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors: A nationwide study with Brazilian Schoolchildren

“…So far, no comprehensive national studies have examined food consumption, eating and sedentary behaviors among schoolchildren or their interconnectedness. The association between food consumption and behaviors has already been evaluated in other audiences, such as adults [13,14], adolescents [15][16][17][18][19], university students [20], pregnant women [21], and early childhood children [22][23][24]. Consequently, our study aims to fill this gap by investigating the association between food consumption-emphasizing on the consumption of ultra-processed foods and dietary diversity-and sedentary and eating behaviors among Brazilian schoolchildren.…”

Fatores maternos associados ao consumo usual de alimentos ultraprocessados na gestação

“…Diversas evidências apontam que os fatores mais comumente associados ao consumo de ultraprocessados na gravidez são: idade; tabagismo; raça; escolaridade; renda; estado nutricional pré-gestacional; paridade, bem como o recebimento de orientações sobre alimentação saudável durante o pré-natal [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”