Graphene nanosheet: synthesis, molecular engineering, thin film, hybrids, and energy and analytical applications

Abstract

The emergence of graphene nanosheet (GN, 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics) has recently opened up an exciting new field in the science and technology of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with continuously growing academic and technological impetus. GN exhibits unique electronic, optical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties arising from its strictly 2D structure and thus has many important technical applications. Actually, GN-based materials have enormous potential to rival or even surpass the performance of carbon nanotube-based counterparts, given that cheap, large-scale production and processing methods for high-quality GN become available. Therefore, the studies on GN in the aspects of chemistry, physical, materials, biology and interdisciplinary science have been in full flow in the past five years. In this critical review, from the viewpoint of chemistry and materials, we will cover recent significant advances in synthesis, molecular engineering, thin film, hybrids, and energy and analytical applications of the "star-material" GN together with discussion on its major challenges and opportunities for future GN research (315 references).

A ladder polysilane as a template for folding palladium nanosheets

“…Several unique points should be noted in the molecular structures of 2 and 3. First, both 2 and 3 consist of eleven palladium atoms, six organosilyl moieties and ten isocyanide ligands with formula Pd 11 (Si i Pr 2 ) 4 (Si i Pr) 2 (CNR) 10 . Second, both 2 and 3 have a pseudo twofold axis Pd(5) Pd(6) Pd (7) Pd (1) Pd (3) Pd (2) Pd (10) Pd (8) Pd (9) Pd (11) Pd (4) Si (2) Si (1) Si (3) Si (5) Si (4) Si (6) Pseudo 2-fold axis d h Pd(5) Pd(6) Pd (7) Pd (1) Pd (3) Pd (2) Pd (10) Pd (8) Pd (9) Pd (11) Pd (4) Si (2) Si (1) Si (3) Si (5) Si (4) Si ( (6) Pd (7) Pd (1) Pd (3) Pd (2) Pd (10) Pd (8) Pd (9) Pd (11) Pd (4) Si (2) Si (1) Si (3) Si (5) Si (4) Si (6) Pd(5) Pd(6) Pd (7) Pd (1) Pd (3) Pd (2) Pd (10) Pd (8) Pd …”

“…T he isolation of graphene from graphite, typically by scratching away multilayers of graphite, has made it possible to access a new form of carbon with nanosheet structures [1][2][3][4] . Several metal oxides and sulphides having multilayered structures also form nanosheets by peeling off their monolayers 5 .…”

Reduced graphene oxide–titania based platform for label-free biosensor

“…24 The metal oxide nanoparticles (MOsN) based nanocomposites with carbonaceous materials, including RGO, have been found to display improved electronic properties that play a vital role in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. [25][26][27][28] It has been reported that the use of MOsN and GO nanocomposites may result in improved biosensor efficacy compared to when a single component is used. [29][30][31][32][33] Recently, a GO and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) nanocomposite has been explored for the development of lithium ion batteries, photocatalysts and dye sensitized solar cells.…”

Recent Trends in Field-Effect Transistors-Based Immunosensors

“…Actually, graphene is the building block of different carbon allotropes: single layer sheets can be enrolled in carbon nanotubes, wrapped in fullerenes, and stacked in three-dimensional graphite [104,105]. Graphene has attracted much attention because of its remarkable properties, including high surface area (~2630 m 2 ·g −1 ), carrier mobility (~200,000 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1 ), electrical conductivity (~10 4 S·cm −1 ), optical transmittance, and Young's modulus of~1 TPa [106][107][108]. Its notable electronic and optical properties are due to electron confinement and absence of interlayer interactions, whereas its distinct mechanical and chemical properties are explained by geometrical effects and high surface-to-volume ratio [109].…”