2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00033-x
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Stealth liposomes and long circulating nanoparticles: critical issues in pharmacokinetics, opsonization and protein-binding properties

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Cited by 1,083 publications
(741 citation statements)
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References 64 publications
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“…We then synthesized PEG-coated-NPs (referred to as PEGNPs) to avoid rapid clearance from blood and to increase circulation time, because the use of PEG capping has already been shown to increase the circulation time of several colloidal systems (20). Neutral PEG-NPs covered by a PEG shield were able to circulate longer, as assessed by a diffuse signal throughout the mouse body that lasted during all of the acquisition time ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We then synthesized PEG-coated-NPs (referred to as PEGNPs) to avoid rapid clearance from blood and to increase circulation time, because the use of PEG capping has already been shown to increase the circulation time of several colloidal systems (20). Neutral PEG-NPs covered by a PEG shield were able to circulate longer, as assessed by a diffuse signal throughout the mouse body that lasted during all of the acquisition time ( Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, studies often fail to perfuse animals before tissue examination [45][46][47][48][49], making it difficult to discriminate between NPs in the bloodstream and NPs adherent to the endothelium or NPs that have gained access to the organ parenchyma. In non-perfused animals after intravenous (IV) NP administration, the high intravenous NP content in organs with large blood volumes makes assessment of biodistribution extremely difficult by most modalities and the accurate evaluation of NP interactions with specific cells in the tissue virtually impossible (D.R.…”
Section: Np Administration Route and Organ Localizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…66,68 PEG surfaces in brush-like and intermediate configurations reduced phagocytosis and complement activation, whereas PEG surfaces in mushroom-like configuration were potent complement activators and favored phagocytosis. 32,47,69,70 Based on the Alexander-de Gennes model, the distance between PEG chains should be around 1 nm to repel small globular proteins (approximately 2 nm radius) and 1.5 nm to repel large ones (6-8 nm). 32 Due to the large choice in the PLA or PEG molecular weights available, the conformation of PEG blocks at the PEG-PLA nanoparticle surface is a complex issue to be addressed.…”
Section: Nanoparticle Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%