Harnessing Nanoparticles for Immune Modulation

Abstract

Recent approaches using nanoparticles engineered for immune regulation have yielded promising results in preclinical models of disease. The number of nanoparticle therapies is growing, fueled by innovations in nanotechnology and advances in understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. In particular, recent mechanistic insight into the ways in which nanoparticles interact with the mononuclear phagocyte system and impact its function during homeostasis and inflammation have highlighted the potential of nanoparticle-based therapies for controlling severe inflammation while concurrently restoring peripheral immune tolerance in autoimmune disease. Here we review recent advances in nanoparticle-based approaches aimed at immune-modulation, and discuss these in the context of concepts in polymeric nanoparticle development, including particle modification, delivery and the factors associated with successful clinical deployment.

Nanoparticle‐based approaches to immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

“…Given the limitations associated with the use of cell‐based approaches, particularly for large‐scale manufacturing issues, studies have sought to explore the tolerogenic properties of compounds where the apoptotic cell carrier is replaced by microparticles. A single intravenous injection of polystyrene or poly(lactic‐coglycolic acid) (PLG) microparticles (>100 nm in diameter) loaded with disease relevant T‐cell epitopes have been reported to prevent and block the progression of relapsing‐remitting EAE in SJL/J mice, and ovalbumin‐induced allergic asthma in Balb/c mice . In our hands, single or multiple intravenous injections of peptide‐loaded microparticles, unlike multiple intravenous injections of pMHC‐based nanomedicines, do not induce disease remission in models of established autoimmune disease, including chronic EAE in C57BL/6 mice and collagen‐induced arthritis in HLA‐DR4‐transgenic C57BL/10.M mice .…”

Multipeptide-coupled nanoparticles induce tolerance in ‘humanised’ HLA-transgenic mice and inhibit diabetogenic CD8+ T cell responses in type 1 diabetes

“…Recently, the use of nanoparticles for immune regulation has been a promising approach in animal models of diseases [20,36]. Here, we found that only 1.32 μg peptide, which was administered i.v.…”

A nanoparticle‐coupled T2 peptide induces immune tolerance and ameliorates chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in mice model

“…Recently, the use of nanoparticle‐based disease‐relevant antigen delivery for modulating immune system has become a promising strategy to treat autoimmune diseases . Five hundred nanometer NPs with negative zeta potential promote immune tolerance in autoimmune disease models.…”

“…Five hundred nanometer NPs with negative zeta potential promote immune tolerance in autoimmune disease models. NPs from FDA‐approved biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, such as PLGA, have shown enormous potential in immune modulatory therapeutics . Encouraging results from animal models have demonstrated the induction of immune tolerance to self‐antigens using antigen coupled nanoparticles.…”