A polypyrrole rotor driven by sorption of water vapour

Okuzaki, Hidenori; Kuwabara, Tetsuo; Kunugi, Toshio

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00196-1

Cited by 78 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[4][5][6] Since the first observation of a curious phenomenon whereby electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) films underwent rapid bending due to water vapor sorption, 7 we devised polymer motors capable of transducing chemical free energy change of sorption directly into continuous rotation. 8,9 Furthermore, we found that the PPy film contracted in air under application of an electric field, 10 which was explained by desorption of water vapor caused by Joule heating. 11 Unlike conducting polymer actuators driven by the electrochemical doping and dedoping, this system operated in air without using an electrolyte solution and counter/reference electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electrically driven PEDOT/PSS actuators

Okuzaki

Hosaka

Suzuki

et al. 2010

Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free-standing films made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) were prepared by casting water dispersion of its colloidal particles. Specific surface area, water vapor sorption, and electroactive polymer actuating behavior of the resulting films were investigated by means of sorption isotherm, and electromechanical analysis. It was found that the non-porous PEDOT/PSS film, having a specific surface area of 0.13 m 2 g -1 , sorbed water vapor of 1080 cm 3 (STP) g -1 , corresponding to 87 wt%, at relative water vapor pressure of 0.95. A temperature rise from 25 to 40 °C lowered sorption degree, indicative of an exothermic process, where isosteric heat of sorption decreased with increasing water vapor sorption and the value reached 43.9 kJ mol -1 , being consistent with the heat of water condensation (44 kJ mol -1 ). Upon application of 10 V, the film underwent contraction of 2.4% in air at 50% relative humidity (RH) which significantly increased to 4.5% at 90% RH. The principle lay in desorption of water vapor sorbed in the film due to Joule heating, where electric field was capable of controlling the equilibrium of water vapor sorption.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electrically driven PEDOT/PSS actuators

Okuzaki

Hosaka

Suzuki

et al. 2010

Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As energy transducers, actuators can provide controllable mechanical response into 2D or 3D motions upon the trigger by external stimuli, such as electric fields, heat, light, and moisture . Therefore, the fabrication of various actuators has attracted considerable interest because of their potential promising applications including switches, microrobotics, artificial muscles, in vivo surgery devices, and motors . While light and temperature responsive actuators have often been reported, the fabrication of water/moisture/humidity or even their gradients responsive materials remains less investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Actuator of Graphene/Polydopamine Uniform Composite Thin Film Driven by Moisture Gradients

Jiang

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

upon a change in relative humidity of the surrounding air. [ 13 ] Sun et al. have demonstrated the fabrication of an energetic walking device driven by a powerful humidity responsive bilayer actuator comprising an action layer of cross-linked poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) fi lms and a supporting layer of UV-cured Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA)-63. [ 8 ] Considering that graphene has many extraordinary characteristics, such as high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, it has also served as the smart water responsive actuators. [ 20 ] Ruoff et al. presented a macroscopic actuator based on graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (GO/CNTs) bilayer fi lm to show obvious actuation that depends on variation of humidity onto water responsive materials of GO. [ 21 ] We have reported previously the asymmetric graphene/ graphene oxide (G/GO) fi ber structures obtained by positioned laser reduction of GO fi bers display well-controlled motion in a predetermined manner once exposed to moisture. [ 22 ] To realize the desired performance in a predefi ned fashion, bilayer materials or structures with different swelling behavior was necessary to mimic the strain transition among different material layers. However, as a moving component, bilayer actuators may also suffer from poor interlayer adhesion during frequent bending and complex fabrication process, etc. Moreover, concerns with respect to toughness, elasticity, and chemical/ physical stabilities also constitute a main barrier for the development of smart actuators. In this regard, from a manufacturing point of view, rational design and fabrication of actuators by refi ned control of the lateral microstructures of a solo material or even a single piece of thin fi lm might be a solution to the above-mentioned problems, but obviously, still remains big challenging. To overcome this limitation and further take advantage of the bilayer design of actuators, we present an alternative strategy in this article that a moisture gradients responsive reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine (RGO-PDA) thin fi lm, the uniform materials can serve as highly effi cient actuator driven by water absorption induced in situ formation of the bilayer structures in swelling difference. During the trigger of RGO-PDA fi lm by water with a gradient from one side, humidity-responsible hydrophilic PDA can absorb water on the surface layers of the RGO-PDA fi lm and act as soft "muscle" to active the swelling locomotion. The existing of rigid RGO sheets with relatively hydrophobic nature inside the fi lm hinders or delays the diffusion of water across the fi lm and construct the "skeleton" of the actuator which hold the PDA "muscle" to transfer the energy of water gradients to a mechanical motion.As energy transducers, actuators can provide controllable mechanical response into 2D or 3D motions upon the trigger by external stimuli, such as electric fi elds, [1][2][3][4] heat, [ 5,6 ] light, [ 7,8 ] and moisture. [ 9,10 ] Therefore, the fabrication of various actuators...

show abstract

“…In conclusion, these materials should be suitable for the development of different kinds of sensors: gas [215][216][217], pH [218,219], ion-selective [220], humidity [221], solvent vapors [222][223][224], or biosensor [225][226][227] devices, working as amperometric [221] or potentiometric [228] sensors. Very interesting applications can be electronic tongues [229][230][231][232] or artificial noses [216,231].…”

Section: Sensing Capabilities Of Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Otero

Arias‐Pardilla

2010

Electropolymerization

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Science is one of the most robust conceptual constructs developed by human beings. Theoretical physical models have been developed involving the smallest and the largest systems over the full scale of the universe. At either extreme, the models, which provide for constant interaction forces between their components, describe experimental observations and are predictive.Life evolved from systems of intermediate size in relation to the extremes of universal scale. Life, biological organs, and cells develop functions only under chemical driving conditions. Natural organs can be considered as biological devices that are very efficient in transforming chemical energy at constant temperature into functions, unlike servitude of machines to the Carnot cycle. Inside any living cell, thousands of simultaneous reactions occur. Every reaction promotes changes from reactants to products, with subsequent changes to hundreds of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, most of those reactions link conformational changes of biopolymers with ionic and electronic movement driving water flow. Hence, many simultaneous chemical reactions, intermolecular, and intramolecular interactions involving conformational movements are outside the possibilities of current theoretical models. Theoretical descriptions of any living cell and predictions of its behavior when unhealthy are unavailable within our scientific models. This constitutes the proximity paradox [1] because we have been able to develop good and predictive theoretical models for subatomic or galactic systems, far removed from our everyday surroundings.Actuation of natural organs such as muscles involves, moreover, the chemical reaction of ATP hydrolysis simultaneous with sensing processes that provide living creatures with a perfect consciousness of both the characteristics of their mechanical movements and their interactions with their environment: they are intelligent machines.Most of our technological developments were inspired by biological functions and organs. One of our aims is to overcome the efficiency of the biological Electropolymerization: Concepts, Materials and Applications. Edited by Serge Cosnier and Arkady Karyakin

show abstract

A polypyrrole rotor driven by sorption of water vapour

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Electrically driven PEDOT/PSS actuators

Electrically driven PEDOT/PSS actuators

Highly Efficient Actuator of Graphene/Polydopamine Uniform Composite Thin Film Driven by Moisture Gradients

Electrochemomechanical Devices: Artificial Muscles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About