Deficiência de vitamina D na gravidez e o seu impacto sobre o feto, o recém‐nascido e na infância

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnant women and their children is an important health problem with severe consequences for the health of both. Thus, the objectives of this review were to reassess the magnitude and consequences of VDD during pregnancy, lactation and infancy, associated risk factors, prevention methods, and to explore epigenetic mechanisms in early fetal life capable of explaining many of the non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D (ViD). DATA SOURCE: Original and review articles, and consensus documents with elevated level of evidence for VDD-related clinical decisions on the health of pregnant women and their children, as well as articles on the influence of ViD on epigenetic mechanisms of fetal programming of chronic diseases in adulthood were selected among articles published on PubMed over the last 20 years, using the search term VitD status, in combination with Pregnancy, Offspring health, Child outcomes, and Programming. DATA SYNTHESIS: The following items were analyzed: ViD physiology and metabolism, risk factors for VDD and implications in pregnancy, lactation and infancy, concentration cutoff to define VDD, the variability of methods for VDD detection, recommendations on ViD replacement in pregnant women, the newborn and the child, and the epigenetic influence of ViD. CONCLUSIONS: VDD is a common condition among high-risk pregnant women and their children. The routine monitoring of serum 25(OH)D3 levels in antenatal period is mandatory. Early preventive measures should be taken at the slightest suspicion of VDD in pregnant women, to reduce morbidity during pregnancy and lactation, as well as its subsequent impact on the fetus, the newborn and the child.

Hubungan asupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada ibu hamil trimester III etnis minangkabau

“…Kekurangan vitamin D pada saat hamil memiliki dampak pada janin dan bayi baru lahir. 8 Penelitian yang dilakukan di Amerika serikat pada wanita hamil yang mengalami insufisiensi vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum <75 nmol/L dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko preeklamsia. 9 Selain itu defisiensi vitamin D pada ibu hamil dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes melitus gestasional, kelahiran prematur dan usia kecil untuk kehamilan.…”

Blood Dosage of Vitamin D in Pregnant Women and Association with Preeclampsia and Fetal Low Weight

“…In pregnant, it determines complications with motherly and fetal adverse outcomes. In Brazil, many stuidies [8,9,19,20] have pointed out the vitamin D deficit in our population and it would be a clever strategy the vitamin D blood screening during pregnancy. The sunlight exposure was an important element in the vitamin D blood level, as well as milk and dairy products consumption when compared with patients that didn't consume these products.…”

“…The pregnant were submitted to vitamin D level in the three trimesters. The comparison of pregnant from the different institutions was possible due to the usage of the FEBRASGO (Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) [7] protocol for clinic attendance and these locations where considered prenatal suitable in a previous study [8]. Furthermore, the team responsible for the attendance had the same coordinator, which facilitated the homogeneity of the protocols.…”

Vitamin D and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

“…According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, when there is a diagnosis of deficit of vitamin D during pregnancy, an extra 1.000 -2.000 UI/per day should be prescribed [15].…”