A review of the current knowledge and challenges of hydrothermal carbonization for biomass conversion

Heidari, Mohammad; Dutta, Animesh; Acharya, Bishnu

doi:10.1016/j.joei.2018.12.003

Cited by 267 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…In the particular case of mass performance, experimental set 2 shows an erratic behavior of this parameter. It could be by the polymerization of macromolecules released by the hydrolysis of the constituents of the biomass and that finally are part of the hydrochar [25]. The behavior is not the same in the dose range studied in this work, so future research should study the cause more deeply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It implies that the obtained product is more concentrated in carbon at the cost of a lower mass yield [31], which is what this work demonstrates. This effect is mainly explained by the decomposition of the constituents of lower energy contribution of biomass, such as cellulose and hemicellulose [25]. Additionally, the presence of chloride ions in the solution, resulting from the addition of magnesium chloride, promotes the acid hydrolysis of these constituents [32], explaining the significant difference between the use or not of the additive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass yield (MY), the energy densification ratio (EDR), and the energy efficiency (EY) were calculated as indicated in the Equations (1) to (3): [25].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

et al. 2020

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The effect of magnesium chloride as an additive of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata sawdust) was studied. The HTC tests were carried out at fixed conditions of temperature and residence time of 220 °C and 1 h, respectively, and varying the dose of magnesium chloride in the range 0.0–1.0 g MgCl2/g biomass. The carbonized product (hydrochar) was tested in order to determine its calorific value (HHV) while using PARR 6100 calorimeter, mass yield by gravimetry, elemental analysis using a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, volatile matter content, and ash content were obtained by standardized procedures using suitable ovens for it. The results show that using a dose of 0.75 g MgCl2/g biomass results in an impact on the mass yield that was almost equal to change operating conditions from 220 to 270 °C and from 0.5 to 1 h, without additive. Likewise, the calorific value increases by 33% for this additive dose, resulting in an energy yield of 68%, thus generating a solid fuel of prominent characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

et al. 2020

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“…HTC can be seen as a 'new technology' applied on biowaste. HTC is a recent innovative process and starts to be developed only some years ago [27]. Nowadays there are more than 200 companies and organisations distributed worldwide working on this topic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional small-scale biogas production with reduced local impact

Rada¹,

Costa²,

Pradella³

et al. 2019

Int. J. EQ

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One of the problems of food waste management is the acceptability of the treatment plants at local level because of the risk of odours. Anaerobic digestion as first step before composting has contributed to solve this problem, but, in the sector, it remains an opposition to large plants. That affects also food waste anaerobic digestion: people's perception is that the stream coming at the gate of the plant is not theirs. The present paper shows an alternative to the conventional approach. The aim is to reduce the scale of the intervention giving a solution also to small municipalities or to an aggregation of small municipalities. The basic idea is suitable for adaptations depending on the local availability of manure and other plants specialised on wastewater. The integrability of these plants allows reducing the costs for treating secondary streams to be managed, as discussed in the article. The extreme technological scenario is based on an anaerobic digester with unconventional pre-treatment of food waste and energy recovery, on a hydro-thermal carbonisation reactor for manure, on an ammonia separator for product recovery (by stripping), on a CO 2 separator (from off-gases), on a hydro-biochar flusher for opening to land application and on mechanised small-scale composters for small communities. The principles of the circular economy are adopted, but the economic balance is affected by the transport costs of the products. The suitability of this approach to medium income countries is discussed too.

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“…O sistema foi então mantido à temperatura de 170, 180 e 190 °C durante 5 h e os produtos hidrotermicamente obtidos (hydrochar) foram arrefecidos até a temperatura ambiente, filtrados em um sistema a vácuo, lavados com água destilada e secos a 105 °C durante 6 h. Ao final do processo obtiveram-se as amostras "hydrochar tingui" (HT) diferenciadas pela temperatura de tratamento hidrotermal: HT1 (170 °C), HT2 (180 °C) e HT3 (190 °C), as quais foram armazenadas em recipientes herméticos e posteriormente caracterizadas. As condições reacionais mencionadas foram escolhidas após levantamento bibliográfico a respeito das principais variáveis de resposta discutidas na literatura [28][29][30].…”

Section: Processo De Carbonização Hidrotermalunclassified

Obtenção de hydrochar a partir de carbonização hidrotérmica de cascas do fruto de Magonia pubescens A. St. Hil. Sapindaceae: Caracterização e avaliação em processo de adsorção

et al. 2019

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RESUMO A Carbonização hidrotermal (HTC) de cascas do fruto de Magonia pubescens A. St. Hil. Sapindaceae (Tingui do cerrado) é apresentada como uma proposta inédita na produção de hydrochars a partir de precursores de espécies do Cerrado Brasileiro, onde se verificou a influência da temperatura nas propriedades dos materiais obtidos. Os hyrochar obtidos foram caracterizados em termos de rendimento em peso, análise elementar e estimativa do poder calorífico superior (PCS), análise de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FT-IR), difratometria de raios-x (DRX) e avaliação da capacidade de adsorção. O aumento da temperatura afetou negativamente o rendimento do hydrochar, o qual variou entre 46,25 % e 27,42%, nas temperaturas de 170 e 190 °C, respectivamente. Hydrochars com maior teor de carbono (64,10%) foram obtidos em baixa temperatura (170 °C), o qual também apresentou maior poder calorífico superior (23,94 MJ kg-1) e área superficial específica (44,0 m2.g-1). A evolução das razões atômicas H/C e O/C indicou processos de desidratação e descarboxilação durante a carbonização hidrotérmica. As isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2 a -176 ºC, resultantes da análise das propriedades texturais e estruturais, demonstraram a presença de mesoporos na estrutura dos hydrochars. Na avaliação da capacidade de adsorção com azul de metileno, a isoterma de Langmuir foi a que melhor explicou o comportamento de adsorção, tendo os hydrochars obtidos a 170 e 180 °C as maiores capacidades de adsorção (139,38 e 202,40 mg g-1, respectivamente). Os resultados indicaram a carbonização hidrotermal de cascas do fruto de tingui como uma nova estratégia para o desenvolvimento de hydrochars com alto rendimento, teor de carbono elevado e alta eficiência de adsorção, valores superiores a diversos trabalhos encontrados na literatura.

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A review of the current knowledge and challenges of hydrothermal carbonization for biomass conversion

Cited by 267 publications

References 120 publications

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

Unconventional small-scale biogas production with reduced local impact

Obtenção de hydrochar a partir de carbonização hidrotérmica de cascas do fruto de Magonia pubescens A. St. Hil. Sapindaceae: Caracterização e avaliação em processo de adsorção

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