Changes in the proportions of types I and III collagen in hemorrhoids: the sliding anal lining theory

Abstract

Objective This study aims to determine changes in the proportions of types I and III collagen in hemorrhoids and to verify the sliding anal canal lining theory. Patients and method The study is focused on a sample of 17 patients, 9 females and 8 males (age range: 30–70 years), with grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids. Tissue from 4 fetuses (age: 16 weeks of gestation) was used as control sample. All the participants gave their informed consent. Samples were gathered in 2014. All patients underwent open hemorrhoidectomy by using the technique described by Milligan and Morgan, published in Lancet journal in 1937. The hemorrhoid samples were stained with hematoxylin–eosin for the histologic study to confirm the hemorrhoidal tissue diagnosis. The picrosirius red staining protocol was used after the histologic analysis. The method used for image processing is described in the text. Images were imported to the Image Tool for Windows software. The same process was used on the embryonic tissue. Data resulting from the analysis of images were processed using STATISTICA, a software for statistical analysis. Results When compared, it was found that the two tissues presented very different values, with hemorrhoids containing the highest type III collagen values. Conclusion Our results seem to imply that hemorrhoids have a larger proportion of type III collagen than fetal tissue. They also suggest a possible age-related deterioration of the tissue.

Histomorphometric study of ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. leaves on croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice: A Javanese traditional anti-hemorrhoid herb

“…Hemorrhoids are caused by the disintegration or alteration in the anal cushion support tissue such as abnormal venous dilatation, vascular thrombosis, degeneration of collagen fibers and fibroelastic tissue, distortion, and rupture of the rectal sub-epithelial muscle. It is also found severe inflammation in blood vessel walls and connective tissue (Loder et al, 1994;Lohsiriwat, 2012;Sardiñas et al, 2016;Sun and Migaly, 2016).…”

Integrated genomic network analysis revealed potential of a druggable target for hemorrhoid treatment

“…Hemorrhoids, a prevalent medical condition, are characterized by inflammation and swelling of blood vessels encircling the rectal and anal regions. This ailment arises from heightened vascular pressure induced by factors such as pregnancy, aging, and persistent constipation ( Sardiñas et al, 2016 , Sun and Migaly, 2016 ). While not life-threatening, hemorrhoids result in discomforting symptoms, including pain, itching, bleeding, and thrombosis ( Sanchez and Chinn 2011 ).…”