Immunothrombosis and its underlying biological mechanisms

Nardi, A.; Coy-Canguçu, Andréa; Saito, Akimichi; Florio, Matteo; Marti, Giovanna Chiavegatti de Castro Fagan; Degasperi, Giovanna Rosa; Orsi, Fernanda Andrade

doi:10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.008

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It may also act as a line of defense to limit microbial access to the fetus. However, the phenomenon of immunothrombosis may interfere with placental blood flow to the fetus [ 9 ]. Hemostasis and innate immunity assist in the role of recognition and removal of unknown pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Histopathology of Placentas Affected by COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases

Corn,

Pham,

Kemp

2023

Cureus

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had significant impacts on mothers and neonates. In this report, we present four unique cases of COVID-19 infections in pregnancy and its effects on the mother, fetus, and placenta. Four mothers presented to the hospital during their pregnancy. Each had tested COVID-19-positive 1-29 days prior to admission. Gestational age ranged from 16 weeks six days to 36 weeks six days. Three of the four cases resulted in fetal demise or infant expiration. The common finding among all four cases was pathologic changes in the placenta. Most of the placentas were small for gestational age and had extensive villous infarction. There was also histiocytic intervillositis with villous necrosis and perivillous fibrin deposition. The placentas demonstrated positive staining of syncytiotrophoblasts for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike S1 subunit protein. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in tissue samples of two of the fetuses demonstrating vertical transmission. A higher incidence of severe COVID-19 disease course has been observed in pregnant women. Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, chorionic histiocytic intervillositis of the placenta was rarely seen, and mostly of unknown etiology. The increase in placental fibrin levels results in decreased maternal placenta blood flow ensuing hypoxic stress in the fetus. Intrauterine hypoxia has been associated with alterations in brain structure and function resulting in defects in motor skills, cerebral palsy, decreased brain weight, schizophrenia, and other forms of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemostasis and innate immunity assist in the role of recognition and removal of unknown pathogens. However, in inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19, this can result in high rates of thrombosis preventing adequate perfusion of the fetus [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Histopathology of Placentas Affected by COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases

Corn,

Pham,

Kemp

2023

Cureus

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Hemostasis and complement in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: clinical significance of two interactive systems

Tsakiris,

Gavriilaki,

Chanou

et al. 2024

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) represents a curative treatment option for certain malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases. Conditioning regimens before HCT, the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the allogeneic setting, and delayed immune reconstitution contribute to early and late complications by inducing tissue damage or humoral alterations. Hemostasis and/or the complement system are biological regulatory defense systems involving humoral and cellular reactions and are variably involved in these complications after allogeneic HCT. The hemostasis and complement systems have multiple interactions, which have been described both under physiological and pathological conditions. They share common tissue targets, such as the endothelium, which suggests interactions in the pathogenesis of several serious complications in the early or late phase after HCT. Complications in which both systems interfere with each other and thus contribute to disease pathogenesis include transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), and GVHD. Here, we review the current knowledge on changes in hemostasis and complement after allogeneic HCT and how these changes may define clinical impact.

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Immunothrombosis and its underlying biological mechanisms

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Histopathology of Placentas Affected by COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases

Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Histopathology of Placentas Affected by COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases

Hemostasis and complement in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: clinical significance of two interactive systems

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