Probiotics and immunity: A fish perspective

Nayak, S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.017

Cited by 992 publications

(669 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…11,20 Some species of Carnobacterium are known to produce bacteriocins, proteins that kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria, and this property has led to continuing interest and use of Carnobacterium species as probiotics in aquaculture and food preservation. 4,9,11,13,14,18 Despite their role as normal flora and the protective effects of some bacteriocin-producing strains, some Carnobacterium species, particularly C. maltaromaticum, have been associated with morbidity and mortality in a variety of fish species. 1,5 Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged with C. maltaromaticum (previously C. piscicola) died within 5 to 9 days of exposure with histological evidence of hepatic necrosis and encephalitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningoencephalitis Associated With Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–Like Bacteria in Stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis)

Schaffer

Lifland

Sommeran³

et al. 2012

Vet Pathol

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Juvenile salmon sharks beach yearly along the California coast, primarily during late summer and early fall. Fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed tissues from 19 stranded salmon sharks were collected for examination. Histopathology revealed meningitis or meningoencephalitis in 18 of 19 shark brains with intralesional bacteria observed in 6 of the affected brains. Bacterial culture of fresh or frozen brain, liver, and/or heart blood from 13 sharks yielded pure cultures characterized molecularly and/or biochemically as belonging to the genus Carnobacterium. The 16s ribosomal DNA sequence of 7 tissue isolates from 7 separate sharks was 99% homologous to C. maltaromaticum (GenBank FJ656722.1). Sequence of the large ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) was 97% homologous to C. maltaromaticum (AF374295.1). This is the first report of Carnobacterium infection in any shark species, and the authors posit that brain infection caused by Carnobacterium is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in juvenile salmon sharks found stranded along the Pacific coast of California.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningoencephalitis Associated With Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–Like Bacteria in Stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis)

Schaffer

Lifland

Sommeran³

et al. 2012

Vet Pathol

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“…The immune function of fish primarily depends on the immune response, which is closely correlated with antibacterial compounds such as LA, ACP, complements and antimicrobial peptides [10,60]. According to Chen et al [7], the gill immune function of grass carp is enhanced with an increase in LA and ACP activities and C3 content and the up-regulation of LEAP-2 and Hepcidin mRNA levels.…”

Section: Optimal Level Of Dietary Protein Increased Antibacterial Commentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to one report, antibacterial compounds and cytokines play crucial roles in the immune responses of fish [10]. The transcription levels of cytokines in humans are mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) [11] and target of rapamycin (TOR) [12] signalling pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Medicinal herbs and plants are major source of such molecules (Galina et al 2009, Van Hai 2015; pre-and probiotics (Nayak 2010), vitamins (Ortuño et al 2001, Azad et al 2007, Kiron 2012) and synthetic molecules (Maqsood et al 2009) have also been evaluated for their effects on the immune system. Amongst immune modulating molecules, β-glucan, a linear polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of yeast, algae and fungi (Dalmo & Bøgwald 2008) stands as a model of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecule, and as such has been widely exploited as additive in fish diets aiming to improve resistance to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Domenico

Canova²,

Soveral³

et al. 2017

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Efeito imunomodulador da β-glucana usada como aditivo alimentar em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen).]O uso da β-glucana como suplemento alimentar foi avaliado em jundiás. A β-glucana foi adicionada à ração na proporção de 0.01%, e 0.1% e fornecida aos peixes por 21, para avaliar dados hematológicos e parâmetros do sistema imune natural, ou 42 dias, para avaliar ganho de peso e resistência ao desafio com Aeromonas hydrophila. A adição da β-glucana na dieta não afetou o ganho de peso e não induziu alterações hematológicas nem alterações nos níveis de aglutininas e mieloperoxidase sanguínea. No entanto, a atividade hemolítica natural do sistema do complemento foi significativamente maior nos peixes alimentados com β-glucana. Além disso, nos peixes alimentados com β-glucana e desafiados com A. hydrophila, o número de bactérias isoladas do sangue foi significativamente menor, e a sobrevivência ao desafio foi significativamente maior do que nos peixes que não receberam β-glucana. Consequentemente, concluímos que a β-glucana tem potencial imunomodulador quando adicionada à dieta, nas condições experimentais aqui indicadas, e contribui para aumentar imunidade natural e a resistência dos jundiás ao desafio com patógenos específicos. INTRODUCTIONThe occurrence of infectious diseases is one of the major causes of losses in modern aquaculture (Sitjà-Bobadilla The immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan were evaluated in silver catfish. β-glucan was added to the diet (0.01%, and 0.1%) and fed to the fish for 21 days, to evaluate effects on blood and some innate immune parameter, or fed for 42 days, to evaluate growth rate and resistance to challenge with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. We found that adding β-glucan to the diet had no effect on fish growth and no effect on blood cells, or serum bacterial agglutination and serum myeloperoxidase activity. However, fish that received β-glucan in the diet had the natural hemolytic activity of complement significantly higher compared to control fish. Furthermore, fish fed with β-glucan and challenged with A. hydrophila had fewer bacteria in blood and presented a significantly higher survival rate compared to control fish. Thus, we concluded that β-glucan might be explored as feed additive aiming to improve silver catfish innate immunity and resistance to specific pathogen.INDEX TERMS: Silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, fish, immunostimulants, β-glucan, Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Probiotics and immunity: A fish perspective

Cited by 992 publications

References 167 publications

Meningoencephalitis Associated With Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–Like Bacteria in Stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis)

Meningoencephalitis Associated With Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–Like Bacteria in Stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis)

Effects of dietary protein levels on the disease resistance, immune function and physical barrier function in the gill of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) after challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

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