Sensors for inorganic vapor detection based on carbon nanotubes and poly(o-anisidine) nanocomposite material

Valentini, Luca; Bavastrello, Valter; Stura, E.A.; Armentano, Ilaria; Nicolini, Claudio; Kenny, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.091

Cited by 130 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The device is sensitive in the pH range between 1 and 13 and shows good sensitivity, linearity, and stability. A gas sensor based on poly(o-anisidine)-CNT composite offers a sensitivity of about 28 % compared to a mere 4 % by CNT alone for the detection of inorganic vapor, HCl [139,140]. The detection of triethylamine vapor has been also reported [141].…”

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites

Gajendran

Saraswathi

2008

Pure and Applied Chemistry

132

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Abstract:The key developments in polyaniline-carbon nanotube (PANI-CNT) composites are reviewed. Apart from in situ chemical polymerization and electrochemical deposition, a number of interesting approaches including the use of aniline functionalized CNTs and ultrasound/microwave/γ-radiation initiated polymerization have been used in the preparation of composites. The structure and properties of these composites have been investigated by a variety of techniques including absorption, infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, scanning electron and scanning probe microscopy techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. The experimental results indicate favorable interaction between PANI and CNTs. The CNT content in these composites controls their conductive, mechanical, and thermal properties. The most interesting characteristic is their easy dispersibility in aqueous solution. The performance evaluation studies of PANI-CNT composites in a number of applications including supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, and actuators are highlighted.

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Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites

Gajendran

Saraswathi

2008

Pure and Applied Chemistry

132

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“…In recent years, such composites were also investigated as sensor materials to detect various external stimuli. Next to CPCs based on carbon black (CB) or other conductive fillers, sensor materials based on carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites were shown to respond in terms of their electrical properties to external stimuli including bio molecules [2][3][4], gases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], vapours [5,[16][17][18][19][20][21], liquids [22][23][24], taste components [25], mechanical stress [2,5,26,27], temperature [7,8,26,28] and pH [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid sensing properties of melt processed polypropylene/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Pötschke

Kobashi

Villmow

et al. 2011

Composites Science and Technology

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. PP and PCL were tested separately for solvent sorption using ethanol and n-hexane, bothshowing a low sorption of n-hexane. Ethanol sorption was large for PCL and almost absent for PP. The 50/50 blend composites with 3 wt.% MWNT in the PCL phase presented larger resistance changes for n-hexane, showing larger sensing ability for this solvent compared to PCL composites with 1 and 3 wt.% loadings. The opposite response was observed for immersion in ethanol where the PCL-MWNT composites showed larger changes than the blends. As the ratio of the conductive PCL phase over PP in the blend composition (i.e., the overall MWNT content) decreased, larger resistance changes were observed. The liquid sensing properties of compression-moulded disks and melt-drawn filaments were compared indicating higher responses for the disks. Keywords:A. Carbon nanotubes, Nano composites, Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); In general, CPCs are seen as promising candidates for liquid sensing materials to detect, e.g., solvent leakages. Whereas a lot of knowledge has been generated for CB based composites and blends, not much is reported about liquid sensor materials containing CNTs. As CNT based composites have lower percolation thresholds as compared to those based on CB, composites and blends with lower filling grade can be used for sensing purposes. In addition, with the intention to use melt-spun fibers for textiles acting as liquid sensor materials, there are advantages of CNTs versus CB. The ability to draw fibers from carbon black filled systems is very limited, while with nanotubes the processability is much better. Thus, it seems to be interesting also to investigate composites and blends based on CNTs for liquid sensing purposes.For melt-processed biphasic polymer/ CB composites, Narkis et al. reported the liquid sensing behaviour of [30][31][32][33][34]. In the immiscible polymer blends containing CB, like PP/PA6/CB, HIPS/EVA/CB, and PP/TPU/CB, the liquid sensing behaviours depended on their components, composition, and composite morphologies, which could be influenced by the melt-processing method and mixing conditions. It was suggested that the solvent sorption and resultant sensing behaviours were also influenced by the interface between the polymer blend phases. CNT-filled PET with the same nanotube loading [41,42]. In most studies a localisation of nanotubes in the thermodynamically preferred phase was observed as discussed e.g. in a recent publication regarding the localisation of CNT in highly compatible but immiscible blends of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylon...

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“…In terms of fabrication, the focus is on the embedding or incorporation of the CNTs into the bulk polymer, with polymerization of the bulk polymer by conventional means, including chemical [63][64][65][66][67][68], electrochemical [69][70][71], photopolymerisation [72,73]and vapor deposition [74]. So, clearly, the main focus of the evaluation of the nanocompsites is the enhancement brought by the incorporation of CNTs into traditional bulk materials.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Conducting Polymers for (Electro)chemical Sensors

Killard

2010

Nanostructured Conductive Polymers

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Conducting polymers have been investigated for many years now for their electrical and electrochemical properties. The moderate range of conducting polymers now available, their many derivatives, broad range of counter-ion doping options, level of proton doping, and the many synthetic routes result in a large range of material properties in terms of conductivity, chemical sensitivity, selectivity, and redox characteristics. This allows them to participate in many chemical interactions which are suitable for chemosensing applications.Nanotechnology allows conducting-polymer materials to be studied and applied to chemical sensing in a new way. Controlling the structure and morphology of conducting polymer materials at nanoscales brings the prospect of a range of enhancements not possible with traditional bulk materials. Traditional routes to polymer formation, such as chemical and electrochemical synthesis, lack any fine control on the tertiary structure of the growing polymer, and this lack of structural reproducibility has negative consequences for the performance of the material as a sensor interface. In addition, such polymerizations, Nanostructured Conductive PolymersEdited by Ali Eftekhari

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Sensors for inorganic vapor detection based on carbon nanotubes and poly(o-anisidine) nanocomposite material

Cited by 130 publications

References 29 publications

Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites

Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites

Liquid sensing properties of melt processed polypropylene/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Nanostructured Conducting Polymers for (Electro)chemical Sensors

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