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Abstract:The key developments in polyaniline-carbon nanotube (PANI-CNT) composites are reviewed. Apart from in situ chemical polymerization and electrochemical deposition, a number of interesting approaches including the use of aniline functionalized CNTs and ultrasound/microwave/γ-radiation initiated polymerization have been used in the preparation of composites. The structure and properties of these composites have been investigated by a variety of techniques including absorption, infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, scanning electron and scanning probe microscopy techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. The experimental results indicate favorable interaction between PANI and CNTs. The CNT content in these composites controls their conductive, mechanical, and thermal properties. The most interesting characteristic is their easy dispersibility in aqueous solution. The performance evaluation studies of PANI-CNT composites in a number of applications including supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, and actuators are highlighted.

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The electrochemical growth current of poly(o-phenylenediamine) as well as its redox current were enhanced several-fold when deposited on a carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode compared to the same at a glassy carbon surface. The current enhancements during the growth of the polymer were not due to any surface area effects but are attributed to a facilitated nucleation involving acidic sites of the carbon nanotube. The poly(o-phenylenediamine)-carbon nanotube composite electrode showed a polymer redox-mediated electrocatalytic effect for oxygen reduction reaction with a 5-fold enhancement in current and a favorable potential shift of 130 mV compared to the values obtained at a poly(o-phenylenediamine) electrode.

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The electrochemical synthesis of poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) from an aqueous medium was suitably modified by controlling the switching potential to enhance the growth of the polymer. The charge-discharge data for the cell Zn/1 M ZnSO 4 (pH 4)/PoPD are presented. The polymer was modified by incorporating Pt microparticles into its matrix during electropolymerization. The PoPD-Pt composite electrode was also characterized as a cathode active material in aqueous cells.

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