Ambulation capacity, age, immunosuppression, and mechanical ventilation are risk factors of in-hospital death in severe COVID-19: a cohort study

Silva, Érika Christina Gouveia e; Schmitt, Ana Carolina Basso; Godoy, Caroline Gil de; Gambeta, Amislaine Cristina; Carvalho, Celso Ricardo Fernandes; Fu, Carolina; Tanaka, Clarice; Toufen, Carlos; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro; Pompeu, José Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100075

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Consistent with the present study, several studies demonstrated that older age was associated with the exacerbation of COVID-19 outcomes (29,30), and increasing age was reported to be associated with an increase in the risk of death due to this disease (23). Older age is a known risk factor for COVID-19 severity (21), which can explain the observed outcomes, especially death, in older people (25). This could probably be attributed to the physiological changes caused by the aging process and the dysregulation of immune function in this age group (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This After adjusting for the gender effect, the results of the present study showed that the risk of severe disease and death was generally higher in men than in women. To confirm our findings, the risk of death in men due to the COVID-19 outcomes was higher than in women (23,25,26). In a multicenter cohort study, after multivariable adjustment for age and gender, the increased mortality risk was only limited to male patients aged 60-72 but not to female patients (27), which may be due to the higher prevalence of chronic disease and poor immune status of men following smoking (28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Relationship Between Smoking and the COVID-19 Infection Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients

et al. 2022

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Background: Smoking is one of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk factors, and smoking patients experience greater respiratory complications than non-smokers do. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and the COVID-19 infection outcome in southern Iran using data from COVID-19 inpatients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used the data of 3548 COVID-19 inpatients recorded in 22 hospitals of Hormozgan province from February 2020 to May 2021. The smoking status of COVID-19 patients was separately analyzed based on treatment received during hospitalization with grade 4 (death) and grade 0 (no oxygen intake) using multiple logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.1. Results: The average length of stay upon admission was six days. Among men, former smokers had an increased risk of grades 3 and 4 based on age (OR: 1.31) and date of admission (OR: 1.45(. Among women with a history of former smoking, increased risks were observed in those with grades 3 and 4 for age (OR: 1.74) and date of admission (OR: 1.59). In the current male smokers, there was no significant increased risk of grade 3 and grade 4, but the current female smokers had an increased risk of grades 3 and 4. Conclusion: The present study indicated that being a former smoker, having old age, being male gender, and having a co-morbidity were associated with a high risk of severe COVID-19. The risk of severe disease increased significantly in the presence of certain diseases, which indicates the need for continuous examination and monitoring of patients with comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Relationship Between Smoking and the COVID-19 Infection Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients

et al. 2022

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“…The H1N1 group had higher white blood cell count (5.49[4.40,6.93 In terms of treatment and prognosis, the use of antibiotics (13.91% VS 0.87%; P＜0.001) and antiviral drugs (100.00% VS 0.87%; P＜0.001) in the H1N1 group was significantly higher than that in the Omicron group. And the time of NAN (4 [3,5] VS 17 [14,20]; P<0.001) in H1N1 group was significantly lower than that in Omicron group.…”

Section: Comparison Of Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Besides, most of the previous studies focused on elderly patients [12,13] , and the difference between Omicron and H1N1 influenza in young patients is rarely reported. Although young patients are often mild [14] , they should also be noticed. Therefore, we analyzed the differences between the patients with H1N1 influenza outbreak in 2009 and the patients with Omicron BA.2 outbreak in 2022 (mainly people under 65 years old), in order to help clinicians better identify H1N1 influenza and Omicron BA.2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 or seasonal influenza? How to distinguish in people younger than 65 years old — — A retrospective observational cohort study comparing the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 with 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 outbreaks in China

Zhong

Yue

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ObjectiveThis study attempted to explore the difference of clinical characteristics in H1N1 influenza infection and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in people younger than 65 years old, in order to better identify the two diseases.MethodsA total of 127 H1N1 influenza patients diagnosed from May 2009 to July 2009 and 3265 patients diagnosed and identified as SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant from March 2022 to May 2022 were admitted in this study. Through the 1 : 2 match based on age (The difference is less than 2 years), gender and underlying diseases, 115 patients with H1N1 infection and 230 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection(referred to as H1N1 group and Omicron group) were included in the statistics. The clinical manifestations of H1N1 group were compared with those of Omicron group. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the possible independent risk factors of H1N1 group and Omicron group. And multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors for time for nucleic acid negativization (NAN).ResultsThe median age of the two groups was 21 [11,26] years. Compared with the H1N1 group, the Omicron group had lower white blood cell count and CRP levels, less fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, sputum and headache, while more olfactory loss, muscle soreness and LDH abnormalities. The Omicron group used less antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and the NAN time was longer (17 [14,20] VS 4 [3,5], P < 0.001). After logistic regression, it was found that fever, cough, headache, and increased white blood cell count were more correlated with the H1N1 group, while muscle soreness and LDH abnormalities were more correlated with the Omicron group. After analyzing the factors of NAN time, it was found that fever (B 1.529, 95 % CI [0.149,2.909], P = 0.030) significantly predicted longer NAN time in Omicron patients.ConclusionThis study comprehensively evaluated the similarities and differences in clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and 2009 H1N1 influenza infection, which is of great significance for a better understanding for these diseases.

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“…Covid‐19 can cause injury in lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, neuronal cells, and digestive system (Harrison et al., 2020; Huang, Huang et al., 2021; Machhi et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). Covid‐19 prognosis is associated with age, number of comorbidities, decreased ambulation capacity, race, mechanical ventilation use and intensive care unit (ICU) stay (Harrison et al., 2020; Huang, Xu, et al., 2021; Machhi et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional impact on adults and older people after hospitalization by Covid‐19

Ochiai

Godoy

Silva

et al. 2022

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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Background and Objectives Hospitalization by Covid‐19 can cause persistent functional consequences after hospital discharge due to direct and indirect effects of SARS‐COV‐2 in several organs and systems of the body added to post‐intensive care syndrome and prolonged bed rest. These impacts can lead to dependency in activities of daily living, mainly in older people due to aging process and functional decline. This study aimed to compare the effects of hospitalization by Covid‐19 on functional capacity of adults and older people and to identify its associated factors. Methods Cross‐sectional observational study of 159 survivors of hospitalization by Covid‐19 after 1 month from discharge at Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, divided into groups: adults (aged < 60 years) and older people (aged ≥ 60 years). Those who did not accept to participate, without availability or without ability to understand the questionnaires were excluded. Functional capacity was assessed by the Barthel Index and patients were classified according to their scores. Data analysis was performed in JASP Statistics program and the sample was compared between the age groups. Wilcoxon test was applied to compare before and after periods, Mann–Whitney test was used for between groups comparison. We adopted alpha = 0.05. Results The total Barthel Index median score was lower 1 month after hospital discharge than in the pre‐Covid‐19 period. Older people had worse functional status than adults before and also showed greater impairment after hospital discharge. Both groups showed lower Barthel Index classification than before, and older people presented more functional dependence than adults in both periods. Age, sarcopenia and frailty were associated factors. Discussion Hospitalization by Covid‐19 impacts functional capacity after 1 month from discharge, especially in older people. Age, sarcopenia and frailty are associated factors. These results suggest need for care and rehabilitation of Covid‐19 survivors.

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Ambulation capacity, age, immunosuppression, and mechanical ventilation are risk factors of in-hospital death in severe COVID-19: a cohort study

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Relationship Between Smoking and the COVID-19 Infection Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients

Relationship Between Smoking and the COVID-19 Infection Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients

COVID-19 or seasonal influenza? How to distinguish in people younger than 65 years old — — A retrospective observational cohort study comparing the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 with 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 outbreaks in China

Functional impact on adults and older people after hospitalization by Covid‐19

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