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In the present study, we aimed to assess frontal ethmoidal cells by using segmentation 3D software to establish a possible correlation between volume variation and both gender and age, as well as a relationship with Keros classification. Helical computed tomography images were obtained from 71 patients for analysis, in which the agger nasi cell, supra agger cell, supra agger frontal cell, supra bulla frontal cell, supraorbital ethmoidal cell, supra bulla cell, and frontal septal cell were identified and segmented to obtain their volume. Significant differences in volume were found for age and gender regarding agger nasi cells (p-value = 0.017), supra agger cells (p-value < 0.001), and frontal septal cells (p-value = 0.049). In the frontal septal cells, an increase of one year in age reduced the volume by 0.309, on average. According to Keros classification, the mean volumes were 10.07 and 25.64, respectively, for types II and III, both being greater than that of type I. Extracting volumetric data by using segmentation software in agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, and frontal septal cells may be useful for obtaining additional information related to age, in addition to possibly contributing to elucidating the anatomical variations in the region and an identification forensic tool.
In the present study, we aimed to assess frontal ethmoidal cells by using segmentation 3D software to establish a possible correlation between volume variation and both gender and age, as well as a relationship with Keros classification. Helical computed tomography images were obtained from 71 patients for analysis, in which the agger nasi cell, supra agger cell, supra agger frontal cell, supra bulla frontal cell, supraorbital ethmoidal cell, supra bulla cell, and frontal septal cell were identified and segmented to obtain their volume. Significant differences in volume were found for age and gender regarding agger nasi cells (p-value = 0.017), supra agger cells (p-value < 0.001), and frontal septal cells (p-value = 0.049). In the frontal septal cells, an increase of one year in age reduced the volume by 0.309, on average. According to Keros classification, the mean volumes were 10.07 and 25.64, respectively, for types II and III, both being greater than that of type I. Extracting volumetric data by using segmentation software in agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, and frontal septal cells may be useful for obtaining additional information related to age, in addition to possibly contributing to elucidating the anatomical variations in the region and an identification forensic tool.
Context: The paranasal sinus Computed Tomography (CT) scan is important in the evaluation of patients with sino-nasal pathologies and serves as a tool for navigation during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The risk of skull base injury during ESS is assessed using the depth of the olfactory fossa, which has been shown to have racial variations. We aimed to use Keros classification to study the variations in the depth of the olfactory fossa at a specialized tertiary ENT hospital in Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria. Setting and Design: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the radiology department of the National Ear Centre, Kaduna. Materials and Methods: All CT scans of the paranasal sinuses from January 2021 – January 2022 were retrieved and reviewed. Coronal CT scans of patients, 18 years and above, were included. Those who had skull-based surgery and those with tumors of the paranasal sinuses were excluded. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25. Results: A total of one hundred and six (106) CT scans were studied which resulted in 212 depths of olfactory fossa measurements. The age range of participants was 18–81 years with a mean age of 41.1 ± 14.18 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.08. Keros type II was found to be the most prevalent (68.4%) generally, as well as across gender and laterality distribution, with statistically significant difference between males and females, and no significant difference between the right and left sides. Conclusion: Type II Keros classification was the most common across gender and laterality distributions, with statistically significant differences between males and females. Cognizance of individual variations in preoperative assessments and surgical planning is imperative in ensuring safe and satisfactory surgical outcomes. We recommend further studies with a larger sample size and from different regions of the country.
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