PDT was effective as a bactericidal agent in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated root canals.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the use of texture analysis for characterization of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas and to assess its efficacy to differentiate between both lesions with histological diagnosis. Methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 19 patients with 25 periapical lesions (14 radicular cysts and 11 periapical granulomas) confirmed by biopsy. Regions of interest were created in the lesions from which 11 texture parameters were calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed and adjusted with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure (FDR <0.005). Results The texture parameters used to differentiate the lesions were assessed by using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Five texture parameters were predictive of lesion differentiation for eight positions: angular second moment; sum of squares; sum of average; contrast; correlation. Conclusion Texture analysis of CBCT scans distinguishes radicular cysts from periapical granulomas and can be a promising diagnostic tool for periapical lesions. Clinical significance Texture analysis can be used in diagnostic and treatment monitoring to provide supplementary information.

Objectives To evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM). Methods Saliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and HSV‐2, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella‐zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6, HHV‐7, and HHV‐8. OM was assessed according to WHO criteria. Results Thirty one patients were enrolled, in which 20 of 31 (64.5%) were males; median age was 50 (21–70) years; 16 of 31 (51.6%) underwent allo‐HSCT; and 15 of 31 (48.4%) underwent auto‐HSCT. On D + 8, OM grades III and IV were observed in 8 of 31 (25.8%) patients. In the first salivary collection, EBV was found in 24 of 31 (77.4%), followed by HHV‐6 (7/31, 22.6%) and HHV‐7 (8/31 25.8%). In the second collection, EBV was found in 24 of 27(89%), followed by HSV‐1 (8/27, 30%) and CMV, HHV‐6, and HHV‐7 (5/27, 18.5%, each one). On D + 8, OM grades II and IV were associated with the presence of HSV‐1. HSV‐1 was also associated with worsening degrees of OM on D + 15. Conclusion The presence of HSV‐1 and CMV in oral samples was more frequent on day D + 8 after HSCT. HSV‐1 detection was associated with severity and worsening of OM. HSV‐1 and CMV seem to be associated with oral dysbiosis due to HSCT.

Objective. To evaluate a postprocessing filter of a new imaging-processing software for analysis of metal artifact reduction. Methods. Eight artificial edentulous mandibles (phantoms), where titanium and zirconium dioxide implants had been installed in four different regions (i.e., incisors, canine, premolars, and molars). CBCT volume was acquired, and then, four types of filters were applied to the images: BAR filter and Multi-CDT NR filter (e-Vol DX) and Sharpening Filters 1x and 2x (OnDemand). Artifact was assessed by measuring the standard deviation (SD) of the gray values of filtered and unfiltered images. The comparison between implant material, teeth, and filters was performed by using ANOVA, whereas multiple comparisons were performed by using Bonferroni’s test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results. The results showing higher SD values, which suggests a worse image, were obtained with titanium implants compared to zirconium dioxide ones. With regard to the four filters used, it can be seen that the lowest SD values were obtained with BAR and Multi-CDT NR filters and the highest with Sharpening Filters 1x and 2x, with no statistical difference between them, except regarding the molar region in titanium implants. Conclusion. The highest SD values were seen in zirconium dioxide implants, mainly in the region of anterior teeth. The BAR filter was found to be the most effective as its SD value decreased significantly, indicating that the image quality was improved.

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Our results supported the use of Nd:YAP laser, in part since it created an unfavorable environment for the continuing development of microorganisms.

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