“…Music therapy has been alleged to decrease patient anxiety, pain, and emesis, hospital length of stay, and fatigue after surgeries such as hernia repair, coronary angiography, valve replacement, cardiac surgery, breast surgery, elective cesarean section, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, knee arthroplasty, hand surgery, cystoscopy, hysterectomy, gynecological surgery, varicose vein surgery, general abdominal surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and urological procedures 336 , 372 – 389 . However, other studies showed that music therapy did not significantly reduce PONV 390 , 391 . Other alternative modalities such as foot massage were reported to decrease pain and incidence of nausea and improve blood circulation in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy 392 .…”