Human leptospirosis: occurrence of serovars of Leptospira spp. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2008 to 2012

Oliveira, Marluce Aparecida Assunção; Leal, Élida Aparecida; Correia, Max Assunção; Filho, José Carlos Serufo; Dias, Ricardo Souza; Serufo, José Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2016.12.010

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A higher incidence in males of leptospirosis was also reported in Italy (14), Denmark (15) Korea (16), Fiji (17), Netherlands (18) and Japan (19). Furthermore, these results accord with studies performed in Brazil (11,20). It has also been described that a significant predominance of males with severe infections and a high prevalence of pulmonary manifestations (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…With approximately 200 million inhabitants, Brazil is among the most populous countries in the world, approximately 6% of the population reside in slums and while poverty levels have significantly reduced, almost 10 million people live on less than US$2 a day This population group is the most vulnerable to leptospirosis and other povertyrelated infections. Previous studies have highlighted the influence of gender and age on the distribution of leptospirosis in Brazil (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease that affects humans and animals with a higher incidence in the tropics and subtropics. In that context, the aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of the epidemiology and sociodemographic factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil. The analysis conducted in this study was based to age, gender, area, schooling, region and skin colour reported by Ministry of Health from National Disease Notification System (SINAN) and National Survey of Household Samples (PNAD) database of Brazil, during the period 2007 to 2014. A total of 22,889 cases were reported, the majority of which were registered in male and urban area, more than 70% and 80%, respectively. The greatest number of cases occur in patients with age group between 20-39 years. However, there was a significant increase in children between 0 and 9 (p = 2.8×10-7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) years old. The North region highlighted in relation to the other regions of the country, with a significant increase (p = 2.4×10-11) in the number of cases. An epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis is important in Brazil once the incidence of disease is increasing in children and the elderly. We also show are essential efforts between medical and governmental institutions to improve the quality of data. Understand the disease trends can be providing insights into the prevention and control of leptospirosis in Brazil and others development countries. Análise da incidência de leptospirose humana no Brasil RESUMO Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa negligenciada, que afeta humanos e animais com maior incidência nos países tropicais e subtropicais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência de análise temporal e fatores sociodemográficos da leptospirose em humana no Brasil. A análise realizada neste estudo foi baseada na idade, sexo, área, escolaridade, região e cor da pele. Os dados obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Doenças (SINAN) organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD) do Brasil, durante no período de 2007 a 2014. Foram relatados 22.889 casos, sendo a maioria destes registrados em homens e em área urbana, mais de 70% e mais de 80% dos casos, respectivamente. O maior número de casos ocorreu em pacientes com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos. No entanto, houve um aumento significativo em crianças com idade entre 0 e 9 (p = 2.8×10 7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) anos. A região Norte se destacou em relação as demais regiões do país, com um aumento significativo dos casos (p = 2.4×10-11). A vigilância epidemiológica da leptospirose no Brasil é importante, uma vez que a incidência da doença está aumentando em crianças e idosos. Também mostramos que são necessários esforços essenciais entre instituições médicas e governamentais para melhorar a qualidade dos dados. A análise de tendência temporal da doença pode fornecer informações sobre a prevenção e controle da leptospirose no Brasi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Silveira

Hartwig

McBride³

2020

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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“…The Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, the second most frequent in this study (29.3%), has been widely reported in horses in tropical areas (Lasta et al, 2013;Teixeira et al, 2014;Dias et al, 2015) and is one of the main groups responsible for infections in humans (Oliveira et al, 2017;Polo et al, 2019). The serogroup stands out because of its high prevalence in equines in Brazil, especially in studies conducted in high density demographic regions and/or coastal areas (Teixeira et al, 2014;Dias et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

Morais¹,

Bezerra²,

Anjos³

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Considering the importance of leptospirosis in both equine husbandry and public health, as well as the relevance of knowledge of current serogroup and the small number of studies addressing this disease in equines in Northeastern Brazil, the present study performed a serological survey of Leptospira spp. in a serum bank of 1,267 equines originating from 177 municipalities, located in four states in Northeastern Brazil: Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used for diagnosis of leptospirosis using 24 serovars as antigens. The frequency of reagent equines was 29.7% (376/1,267), and 68.9% (122/177) of municipalities had at least one positive reaction. The serogroups reagent were Australis (37.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (29.3%), Tarassovi (9.6%), Sejroe (5.8%), Pomona (5.3%), Grippotyphosa (4.5%), Pyrogenes (2.4%), Bataviae (1.9%), Ballum and Hebdomadis (1.3%), Mini (0.5%), Celledoni, Shermani, and Javanica (0.3% each). There were significant statistical differences regarding sex and age, with a higher frequency in females (P= 0.014), and in animals ≥ 6 years (P=0.001). We concluded that seropositivity to Leptospira spp. is high in equines in Northeastern Brazil, with a predominance of serologic reactions to the Australis serogroup in the border areas between the states, and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in coastal areas or their vicinity. The high degree of seropositivity found points to the need to implement prophylactic strategies, both intraspecies infection prophylaxis and rodent control. We also recommended avoiding animal crowding and separating animals according to sex and age group during handling.

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“…The isolation of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae from dogs with leptospirosis has been previously described in Brazil [ 21 , 23 ], and previous serological surveys have consistently shown Icterohaemorrhagiae as the most reactive serogroup in dogs suspected of leptospirosis [ 15 , 24 – 27 ]. Interestingly, the serological profile of human subjects suspected of leptospiral infection also indicates Icterohaemorrhagiae/Copenhageni as the main causative agents attributed to human infection [ 28 – 31 ], and most strains recovered from human patients with leptospirosis in Brazil were characterized as Icterohaemorrhagiae [ 29 , 32 ]. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that both dogs and humans are exposed to environmental contamination promoted by rodents [ 33 ], notably the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ), which was implicated as the main reservoir host of Icterohaemorrhagiae/Copenhageni serovars in urban areas from Brazil and other locations [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple laboratory tests and characterization of the isolated strains

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDogs presenting with acute leptospirosis may present non-specific clinical and laboratory findings, and the definitive diagnosis may require additional confirmatory tests, including bacterial culture, for the direct or indirect identification of the pathogen. The present study describes the diagnosis of leptospirosis in suspected dogs based on the use of multiple diagnostic tests, including serological, molecular and bacteriological tests, along with the characterization of the recovered leptospiral strains.ResultsUrine, serum and blood samples were collected from 33 dogs with suspected clinical leptospirosis treated at the University of São Paulo Veterinary Hospital Service (Hovet FMVZ-USP) between 2013 and 2016. Only dogs with high blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in association with multiple clinical manifestations of the disease were included. Leptospiral culture, PCR and serology (Microscopic agglutination test - MAT) were performed in blood and urine samples taken from all suspected dogs at clinical presentation, and an additional prospective MAT titration was performed in seven dogs. Infection could be identified exclusively by PCR in 10 dogs (30.3%), exclusively by MAT in four dogs (12.1%) and by both tests in four dogs, totaling 18 dogs (54.5–95%CI: 37.6–71.5). Six out of eight MAT-confirmed cases presented with the highest titers against the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Leptospires were recovered from urine samples from two PCR-positive dogs, and both strains could be characterized by Multilocus Sequence Analysis and serogrouping as L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Both isolates were shown to be pathogenic in the hamster model.ConclusionsThe simultaneous use of MAT and PCR was able to increase the diagnosis of leptospirosis in clinically suspected cases. Despite the increasing incidence of new serovars affecting dogs being reported in different locations, our results suggest that leptospiral strains belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup are still a major causative agent of canine leptospirosis in São Paulo, Brazil.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1547-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Human leptospirosis: occurrence of serovars of Leptospira spp. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2008 to 2012

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple laboratory tests and characterization of the isolated strains

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