Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple laboratory tests and characterization of the isolated strains

Miotto, Bruno Alonso; Tozzi, Barbara Furlan; Penteado, Manoela de Souza; Guilloux, Aline Gil Alves; Moreno, Luisa Zanolli; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan; Moreno, Andréa Micke; Lilenbaum, Walter; Hagiwara, Mitika Kuribayashi

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1547-4

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Comparatively similar, L. kirshneri was detected in all sample types except in liver. The detection of L. interrogans and L. kirshneri were expected in this study and both species had been commonly associated with canine leptospirosis [1,31,39,40]. However, the detection of L. borgpetersenii was linked to contacts with rats as this bacterium is commonly shed by rats [28,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Detection and characterisation of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease

Rahman

Khor

Bejo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. In humans, a wide range of symptoms had been described but in dogs, it is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information with regards to the common serovars causing leptospiral infection in dogs remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the occurrences of leptospiral infection in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Malaysia. Results Based on microscopic agglutination test, 42.7% (53/124) of the dogs were seropositive for leptospiral infection. The predominant serovars detected were Bataviae (n = 12), Javanica (n = 10) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10). The direct detection using polymerase chain reaction showed that 33.9% (42/124) of the whole blood and 31.9% (36/113) of the urine samples were positive to pathogenic Leptospira spp. For tissue samples, 9.1% (2/23) of the kidney and 9.1% (2/23) of liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Addition samples of abdominal effusion from four dogs were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirshneri and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. In this study, 11 Leptospira spp. isolated successfully from the eight dogs were further identified and characterised as Bataviae, Javanica and Australis. Unfortunately, the mortality rate of the infected dogs was high at 34.0% (18/53). Conclusions This study allowed for greater understanding of canine leptospirosis through the provision of crucial diagnostic confirmation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Detection and characterisation of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease

Rahman

Khor

Bejo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Martin et al (28) and Miotto et al (29) found that antibody titers against Leptospira spp. were often negative during the clinical phase of the disease and, at best, the titers ranged between 100 and 200 six months after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, smaller doses were not attempted. In addition, it was thought that a relatively long treatment scheme was necessary given the zoonotic nature of the disease and to avoid the possibility of ending up with a patient suffering from chronic leptospirosis (29). Also, it is important to mention that the referred Monte-Carlo simulations were derived from PK data generated in healthy dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outpatient Clinical Trial in Dogs With Leptospirosis Treated With Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride-Dihydrate (ENRO-C)

et al. 2019

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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O (enro-C) in dogs and Monte-Carlo simulations against Leptospira spp. prompted a clinical study to treat the clinically apparent phase of this disease. Leptospirosis was diagnosed by real-time PCR from blood, micro-agglutination titers (MAT), clinical signs and blood parameters of the liver and kidney. In order to determine the clinical ability of the participants to diagnose leptospirosis on the first exam and establish an early treatment to avoid excessive organ damage, patients were clinically classified as: high-risk or medium-risk. Forty-five dogs were included in this trial (from 2017 to early 2019). The treatment consisted of IM injections of a 5% aqueous enro-C suspension (10 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and subsequently enro-C was administered orally for another 7 days in gelatin capsules. Thirty-four high-risk and 11 medium-risk dogs were treated, including 6 puppies (4 high-risk with ages between 6 to 10 months and 2 medium-risk dogs with an average age of 6 and 7 months). Other ages ranged from 1 to 5 years. Fifteen cases had a history of having received prior treatment with other antibiotics, including all puppies. The clinical diagnostic error was 13.5% (7/52 cases), and only one of the misdiagnosed dogs had been classified as a high-risk patient. Three to 5 days after finishing treatment with enro-C, 82.2% of the dogs were negative to real-time PCR from urine samples and 100% negativity was observed on day 30 after treatment, when antibody titrations dropped to 1:100–1:200. Based on the absence of clinical signs, real-time PCR, and MAT titers, all treated dogs were considered as successful treatments. Within 6–24 months of clinical follow-up, no relapses were recorded. Adverse effects were inconsequential. This study represents the first report of a successful treatment of canine leptospirosis using a fluoroquinolone, and due to its efficacy, it is suggested that enro-C be considered as a viable option for the treatment of this disease.

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“…Most interesting, ST (7LBoonsilp) 17 isolates were responsible for an outbreak of severe leptospirosis among capuchin monkeys in a Colombian wildlife rehabilitation centre (Szonyi, Agudelo‐Florez, Ramirez, Moreno, & Ko, ). More recently, Miotto et al () described ST (7LBoonsilp) 17 in dogs, in São Paulo, Brazil. This study hence provides novel data on globally widespread (and maybe more virulent) Leptospira genotypes circulating in Portugal, specifically on the L. interrogans ST (7LBoonsilp) 17 isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

Ferreira

Ahmed

Rocha

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution with a significant veterinary and public health impact. It is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The availability of effective tools to accurately identify and type leptospires is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of the disease and for assessing its epidemiology. Several multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) approaches were described for the typing of worldwide isolates of Leptospira but an extensive agreement towards the adoption of a unique consensus scheme for this agent is still lacking. Most genotyped strains originate from Asian and South American countries, with a minority originating from Europe (being most countries represented only by one or a few isolates). The knowledge of the diversity of circulating leptospires is the key to understanding the disease transmission and its zoonotic implications. In this study, we revisited the taxonomy of several isolates of pathogenic Leptospira obtained from domestic, wild and captive animals in Portugal, between 1990 and 2012. A selection of these isolates was genotyped using two previously published MLST schemes. A total of seven distinct sequence types (STs) were detected among the Portuguese isolates with two STs representing L. borgpetersenii (ST149 and ST152), two STs representing L. kirschneri (ST117 and ST100) and three STs representing L. interrogans (ST17, ST24 and ST140). Global widespread (and maybe more virulent) Leptospira genotypes seem to circulate in Portugal, particularly the L. interrogans ST17 isolates which are associated with several outbreaks of leptospirosis among humans and animals in different regions of the world. This study contributes to the enrichment of the global MLST databases with a new set of allele and sequence type information also providing novel data on circulating Leptospira serovars in Portugal.

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Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple laboratory tests and characterization of the isolated strains

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Detection and characterisation of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease

Detection and characterisation of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease

Outpatient Clinical Trial in Dogs With Leptospirosis Treated With Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride-Dihydrate (ENRO-C)

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

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