How to detect new viral outbreaks or epidemics? We need to survey the circulation of viruses in humans and other animals using fast, sensible, cheap, and broad-spectrum methodologies

Ellwanger, Joel Henrique; Kaminski, Valéria de Lima

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2016.12.001

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…These good examples reinforce the importance of Brazilian scientists and health officials to strengthen the national structure of genome-based surveillance of emerging pathogens, as exemplified by studies addressing Chikungunya (Nunes et al, 2015), Zika (Faria et al, 2017), Yellow Fever (Hill et al, 2020) and SARS-CoV-2 (Candido et al, 2020) in the country. A surveillance strategy using next-generation technologies will be very useful to contain diseases that may emerge in the national territory, potentially affecting other countries, or that will eventually arrive in Brazil from other places (Ellwanger et al, 2017).…”

Section: Zoonotic Spillover and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Looking At Chinese And Brazilian Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention

Ellwanger

Chies

2021

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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The transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is called "zoonotic spillover" . Most human infectious diseases (60-75%) are derived from pathogens that originally circulated in non-human animal species. This demonstrates that spillover has a fundamental role in the emergence of new human infectious diseases. Understanding the factors that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is essential to establish strategies focused on the reduction of the frequency of spillover events. In this context, this article describes the basic aspects of zoonotic spillover and the main factors involved in spillover events, considering the role of the inter-species interactions, phylogenetic distance between host species, environmental drivers, and specific characteristics of the pathogens, animals, and humans. As an example, the factors involved in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are discussed, indicating what can be learned from this public health emergency, and what can be applied to the Brazilian scenario. Finally, this article discusses actions to prevent or reduce the frequency of zoonotic spillover events.

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Section: Zoonotic Spillover and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Looking At Chinese And Brazilian Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention

Ellwanger

Chies

2021

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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“…Currently, genome-based technologies are used in the rapid and highly accurate diagnosis and surveillance of infections. These technologies also allow the monitoring of outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics accurately and practically in real time (Ellwanger et al, 2017;Geoghegan and Holmes, 2017;Grady and Loman, 2018;Holmes et al, 2018;Ellwanger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Infectious Disease Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective

et al. 2021

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caught the attention of the global community and rekindled the debate about our ability to prevent and manage outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many alternatives are suggested to address these urgent issues. Some of them are quite interesting, but with little practical application in the short or medium term. To realistically control infectious diseases, human, animal, and environmental factors need to be considered together, based on the One Health perspective. In this article, we highlight the most effective initiatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases: vaccination; environmental sanitation; vector control; social programs that encourage a reduction in the population growth; control of urbanization; safe sex stimulation; testing; treatment of sexually and vertically transmitted infections; promotion of personal hygiene practices; food safety and proper nutrition; reduction of the human contact with wildlife and livestock; reduction of social inequalities; infectious disease surveillance; and biodiversity preservation. Subsequently, this article highlights the impacts of human genetics on susceptibility to infections and disease progression, using the SARS-CoV-2 infection as a study model. Finally, actions focused on mitigation of outbreaks and epidemics and the importance of conservation of ecosystems and translational ecology as public health strategies are also discussed.

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“…Such achievement would require more profound interventions, where the One Health concept spanning human, animal, and environmental health would become part of a unified effort, stimulating inter- and multidisciplinary professional, disciplinary, and institutional bonds to work in a more integrated fashion [ 12 ]. A complex concern such as the emergence of infectious diseases, especially in low-income countries, needs to be addressed using this key concept, in which particular characteristics of human, environmental, and animal health are considered in a unified way to more effectively detect, understand, prevent and, if necessary, to intervene aiming to solve related public health issues [ 2 , 13 – 16 ].…”

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confidence: 99%