Antifungal efficacy of amphotericin B encapsulated fibrin microsphere for treating Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Swiss albino mice

Abstract

A natural and biocompatible fibrin microsphere is one of the most promising dual delivery vehicle as compared to other traditionally designed delivery modalities. It represents sustained delivery of encapsulated drug and is easily biodegradable in the blood circulation. In the present study, we evaluated the systemic augmentation of the antifungal activity of amphotericin B loaded in fibrin microsphere (AMB-fibrin microsphere) against cryptococcosis in Swiss albino mice. Mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans were treated with 0.5mg/kg AMB-fibrin microsphere that was given alternately for 7 days. The antifungal potential of AMB-fibrin microsphere was assessed on the basis of reduction of cfu count in the systemic circulation and various vital organs of infected mice. The formulation was found to be highly effective in reducing intracellular pathogen from the experimental animals where fibrin microsphere significantly controlled the release of amphotericin B for longer time duration. The AMB-fibrin microsphere chemotherapy was significantly more effective than free amphotericin B in reducing the fungal burden and showed better survival efficacy (p<0.05). The current study demonstrating the use of novel amphotericin B loaded fibrin microsphere not only imparts protection to the encapsulated amphotericin B but also offers an effective strategy to decrease the drug associated toxicities.

<p>Alginate nanoparticles as non-toxic delivery system for miltefosine in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis</p>

“…; this can be explained by the slow and sustained release of MFS from alginate nanoparticles coupled with the faster replication time of Candida yeast, which makes the system less effective at inhibiting the fungal growth in vitro. Our data corroborate previous studies showing the possibility that antifungal nanocarriers may exhibit a lesser in vitro antifungal effect when compared to the free drug 56–58…”

“…Our alginate nanoparticles significantly reduced MFS toxicity in this model and were also effective at controlling the fungal infection in the in vivo larval model of G. mellonella , evidenced by the increase in larval survival rate and the decrease in fungal burden, filamentation and dissemination of yeasts in the larval tissue. Using murine models of fungal infection, previous studies have shown that, in addition to decreasing toxicological effects, the encapsulation may improve the drug’s antifungal activity and contribute toward increasing the intervals between doses 56–58…”

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Alginate Microparticles Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Candida Infections

“…Although these lipid-based formulations reduce the main side effects of AmB, their high cost, high-dose requirements, necessity of repeated intravenous injections for successful treatment, and incidence of pulmonary toxicity have limited their use [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. erefore, extensive research has been done to develop new lowcost approaches to improve the safety and therapeutic effect of this drug [3,25,26,34,35]. For example, AmB was encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles.…”

“…This vehicle showed lower toxicity when compared to free AmB and the in vitro antifungal effectivity was the same as that induced by the free drug [ 3 ]. On the other hand, the utilization of PLGA based fibrin microspheres as a delivery vehicle for AmB demonstrated that this platform was more effective in avoiding side effects when compared to the free drug and its antifungal efficacy was superior when compared to the free AmB [ 35 ]. In the last decades, alginate-based carriers have gained significant interest [ 34 ].…”

Efficacy and Safety of Amphotericin B with Autologous Serum for Fungal Corneal Ulcer

“…5 Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that inhibits cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and microsporum sphaeroides. 6,7 Autologous serum adjuvant treatment of fungal corneal ulcer can alleviate corneal irritation, reduce inflammatory reactions, and promote corneal ulcer healing, which can promote lesion recovery and tissue healing. 8,9 This study was carried out to investigate the application value of amphotericin B combined with autologous serum injection in the treatment of fungal corneal ulcer, in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of fungal corneal ulcer.…”