Molecular diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid: comparison of primer sets for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex

Martins, Marilena dos Anjos; Brighente, Kate Bastos Santos; Matos, T.A.; Vidal, José E.; Hipólito, Daise Damaris Carnietto de; Pereira-Chioccola, Vera Lúcia

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.004

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the clinical performance of the LFA and other diagnostic assays is largely unknown in non‐HIV‐infected CM patients. Meanwhile, the information on molecular diagnosis of CM in clinical specimens is limited except for a recent study that used a normal PCR assay for CM in Brazil . Therefore, we compared the conventional and molecular diagnostic assays for the diagnosis of CM using clinical CSF obtained from non‐HIV‐infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five conventional and molecular approaches for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in non‐HIV‐infected patients

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening mycosis primarily occurring in HIV-infected individuals. Recently, non-HIV-infected hosts were increasingly reported to form a considerable proportion. However, the majority of the reported studies on the diagnosis of CM patients were performed on HIV-infected patients. For evaluation of various diagnostic approaches for CM in non-HIV-infected patients, a range of conventional and molecular assays used for diagnosis of CM were verified on 85 clinical CSFs from non-HIV-infected CM patients, including India ink staining, culture, a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the lateral flow assay (LFA) of cryptococcal antigen detection and a qPCR assay. The LFA had the highest positive detection rate (97.6%; 95% CI, 91.8-99.7%) in non-HIV-infected CM patients, followed by the LAMP (87.1%; 95% CI, 78.0-93.4%), the qPCR (80.0%; 95% CI, 69.9-87.9%), India ink staining (70.6%; 95% CI, 59.7-80.0%) and culture (35.3%; 95% CI, 25.2-46.4%). All culture positive specimens were correctly identified by the LFA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five conventional and molecular approaches for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in non‐HIV‐infected patients

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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“…The incidence of invasive fungal infections, especially those caused by opportunistic fungi of the genus Candida and Cryptococcus , has proportionally increased with the increase in the number of hosts with impaired immunity. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 In addition, in vitro resistance to antifungal drugs among Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida and Cryptococcus species

Brilhante

Caetano

Oliveira

et al. 2015

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The antifungal activity of some statins against different fungal species has been reported. Thus, at the first moment, the in vitro antifungal activity of simvastatin, atorvastatin and pravastatin was tested against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. Then, in a second approach, considering that the best results were obtained for simvastatin, this drug was evaluated in combination with antifungal drugs against planktonic growth and tested against biofilms of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The interaction between simvastatin and antifungals against planktonic cells was analyzed by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Regarding biofilm susceptibility, simvastatin was tested against growing biofilm and mature biofilm of one strain of each tested yeast species. Simvastatin showed inhibitory effect against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 15.6 to 1000 mg L(-1) and from 62.5 to 1000 mg L(-1), respectively. The combination of simvastatin with itraconazole and fluconazole showed synergism against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp., while the combination of simvastatin with amphotericin B was synergistic only against Cryptococcus spp. Concerning the biofilm assays, simvastatin was able to inhibit both growing biofilm and mature biofilm of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. The present study showed that simvastatin inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida and Cryptococcus species.

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“…PCR was performed using seven primer pairs targeting the SSU rDNA gene, and sequencing have been used to detect B. hominis in Iran. Multiplex PCR using two primer sets were tested (CN4-CN5) and the multiplex CNa70S-CNa70A/CNb49S-CNb-49A that amplified a specific product for C. neoformans and another for C. gattii are [58] already established [59].…”

Section: Diagnostic Molecular Methods For Opportunistic Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

et al. 2020

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The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies have suggested that Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Blastocystis hominis are the most common intestinal protozoan parasites categorized as AIDS associated illness. Diarrhea caused by parasites is considerably suspected in the cases of chronic and persistent diarrhea in adults, in an era of increasing HIV/AIDS cases nowadays. The present review highlights the current advances in etiologic agents of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among countries, epidemiology and prevalence, lifecycle, risk factors, examination methods, and treatment.

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Molecular diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid: comparison of primer sets for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex

Abstract: These data suggest that the CN4/CN5 primer set was highly sensitive for the identification of C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with clinical suspicion of cryptococcal meningitis.

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of five conventional and molecular approaches for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in non‐HIV‐infected patients

Evaluation of five conventional and molecular approaches for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in non‐HIV‐infected patients

Simvastatin inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida and Cryptococcus species

Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

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