Prevalence and characters of Entamoeba histolytica infection in Saudi infants and children admitted with diarrhea at 2 main hospitals at south Jeddah: a re-emerging serious infection with unusual presentation

Hegazi, Moustafa Abdelaal; Patel, Tabarek A; El-Deek, Basem

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.021

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results revealed that E. histolytica was one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis. These findings are in accordance with Hegazi et al (13) and conflict to Khalili and Sharifi (14) results. Giardia lamblia was the second most common organism, followed by EPEC and S. dysenteriae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Most Common Microbial Causes of Gastroenteritis in Patients With Clinical Manifestations

Kazemian

Shavalipour²,

Heidari³

et al. 2015

Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect

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Background: Gastroenteritis is a remarkable hygiene problem worldwide. Bacteria and parasites can cause gastroenteritis-associated disorders. Objectives: The aims of study were to survey the most common cause of gastroenteritis in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ilam, Iran. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed during 2012 to 2013. After collecting 2376 stool samples, standard biochemical and microbiological tests were performed. Susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion method agreeing with clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The protozoa were detected by sediment wet-mount method. Results: Of 2376 patients, 466 (19.6%) were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria or protozoa. The frequency of microorganisms isolated from the patients were 10.3%, 2.5%, 2.5%, 2.1%, 46.4%, 30.9%, 2.5% and 2.5% for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Yersinia enterocolitica, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, E. coli and Candida spp., respectively. Sensitivities to ciprofloxacin in E. coli and S. dysenteriae strains were 100% and 91.66%, respectively. Conclusions:The results showed that some patients were probably contaminated with nonbacterial and nonparasitic agents. All the parasitic isolates were resistant to most antibiotics. Therefore determination of microbial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility is necessary before treatment procedures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Most Common Microbial Causes of Gastroenteritis in Patients With Clinical Manifestations

Kazemian

Shavalipour²,

Heidari³

et al. 2015

Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect

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“…Malabsorption in G. intestinalis infected children is probably due to several factors including increased epithelial permeability, bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, loss of intestinal brush border surface area, villus flattening and inhibition of disaccharidase activities (Müller and von Allmen, 2005). E. histolytica is responsible for dysentery, anemia and could impact on infant growth (Ali et al, 2008;Hegazi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoan parasites from children facing diarrheal disease and associated risk factors in Yamoussoukro, Cte dIvoire

Koffi¹,

N’Djeti²,

Konan³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Diarrheal diseases are very common in children under 5 years and may lead to a delay of physical and mental development. Despite this knowledge, data on diarrheal diseases and socioeconomic determinants are still scarce in Côte d'Ivoire. This study is then conducted with the objective to fill part of this gap and specifically assess link between infant diarrhea occurrence and some major socioenvironmental factors. Stool samples were collected from children less than five suffering from diarrhea at Yamoussoukro Regional Hospital in central Côte d'Ivoire. Molecular species specific diagnosis was used to detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica, three major protozoan parasites which cause diarrhea. Out of 306 stool samples examined, 62.75% were detected as positive at least for one of the protozoan parasite studied. Species specific prevalence was 36.93% for C. parvum, 20.92% for G. intestinalis and 22.55% for E. histolytica. Infection was more prevalent in children whose mothers were not educated although the difference was not statistically significant. No link was found between gender and infection while sanitation infrastructures, mother and children ages and water sources were found significantly associated with diarrhea occurrence. Awareness is then needed for women on lack of hygiene rules that could lead to diarrheal diseases burden.

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“…In a study performed in Bangladesh, the prevalence of E. histolytica in the children living in rural areas was determined to be 8% with ELISA method (9). In a study performed in Egypt, the prevalence of E. histolytica in 600 children with gastroenteritis was reported to be 20% with antigen ELISA method (10) and again in a study performed in Pakistan, the prevalence of E. histolytica was reported to be 21.69% (11). Since the discrimination of E. histolytica from the other nonpathogenic species of the genus Entamoeba has not been made in the backdated publications in Turkey, it is difficult to make interpretation regarding its prevalence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Direct Microscopy of Stool Samples Using an Antigen-Specific Adhesin Test for Entamoeba Histolytica

et al. 2016

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Background: E. histolytica is among the common causes of acute gastroenteritis. The pathogenic species E. histolytica and the nonpathogenic species E. dispar cannot be morphologically differentiated, although correct identification of these protozoans is important for treatment and public health. In many laboratories, the screening of leukocytes, erythrocytes, amoebic cysts, trophozoites and parasite eggs is performed using Native-Lugol's iodine for pre-diagnosis. Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of E. histolytica in stool samples collected from 788 patients residing in the Anatolian region of İstanbul who presented with gastrointestinal complaints. We used the information obtained to evaluate the effectiveness of microscopic examinations when used in combination with the E. histolytica adhesin antigen test. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study Methods: Preparations of stool samples stained with Native-Lugol's iodine were evaluated using the E. histolytica adhesin test and examined using standard light microscopy at ×40 magnification. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Of 788 samples, 38 (4.8%) were positive for E. histolytica adhesin antigens. When evaluated together with the presences of erythrocytes, leukocytes, cysts, and trophozoites, respectively, using logistic regression analysis, leukocyte positivity was significantly higher. The odds ratio of leukocyte positivity increased adhesin testpositivity by 2,530-fold (95% CI=1.01-6.330). Adhesin test-positivity was significant (p=0.047). Conclusion:In line with these findings, the consistency between the presence of cysts and erythrocytes and adhesin test-positivity was found to be highly significant, but that of higher levels of leukocytes was found to be discordant. It was concluded that leukocytes and trophozoites were easily misjudged using direct microscopy. Although microscopic examination of samples stained with Native-Lugol's iodine is a cheap and simple method, the confusion of trophozoites with leukocytes may direct the clinician toward an incorrect pre-diagnosis. Because trichrome staining is difficult and time consuming, and results may vary depending on the technician, this method is not preferred in most laboratories. Therefore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, which is a more advanced method than polymerase chain reaction, should be used to distinguish between E. histolytica and E. dispar in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis.

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Prevalence and characters of Entamoeba histolytica infection in Saudi infants and children admitted with diarrhea at 2 main hospitals at south Jeddah: a re-emerging serious infection with unusual presentation

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

The Most Common Microbial Causes of Gastroenteritis in Patients With Clinical Manifestations

The Most Common Microbial Causes of Gastroenteritis in Patients With Clinical Manifestations

Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoan parasites from children facing diarrheal disease and associated risk factors in Yamoussoukro, Cte dIvoire

Efficiency of Direct Microscopy of Stool Samples Using an Antigen-Specific Adhesin Test for Entamoeba Histolytica

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