Helmet mask and tocilizumab for a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome and COVID-19: a case report

Eroğlu, Ahmet; Kartal, Seyfi; Saral, Özlem Bayraktar

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2020.10.009

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Following the elimination of duplicates and screening of titles and abstracts, we evaluated 244 articles in full text. Among these, we found 43 eligible articles (5 RCTs, 16 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies, and 20 case reports) (Figure 1) (Salvarani et al, 2021;REMAP-CAP Investigators et al, 2021;Canziani et al, 2020;Menzella et al, 2020;Fisher et al, 2021;Campochiaro et al, 2020;Vazquez Guillamet et al, 2021;Rajendram et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2021;Galván-Román et al, 2021;Saffo et al, 2021;Somers et al, 2021;Brosnahan et al, 2021;Corominas et al, 2021;Cavalli et al, 2021;Abe et al, 2021;Patel et al, 2020;Mady et al, 2020;Bernardo et al, 2020;Morillas et al, 2020;Cascella et al, 2020;Al-Kaf et al, 2021;Eroglu et al, 2021;Kataoka et al, 2021;Kishaba et al, 2021;Leelayuwatanakul et al, 2021;McKenzie et al, 2021;Nourié et al, 2021;Ladna et al, 2021;Senegaglia et al, 2021;Thammathiwat et al, 2021;Lescure et al, 2021;Della-Torre et al, 2020;Gremese et al, 2020;Kyriazopoulou et al, 2021a;Bozzi et al, 2021;Franzetti et al, 2021;…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Interleukin-1 Inhibitors, Specific Interleukin-6 Inhibitors, and GM-CSF Blockades for COVID-19 (at the Edge of Sepsis): A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Sepsis is a syndrome with high mortality, which seriously threatens human health. During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients with multiple organ dysfunction developed characteristics typical of sepsis and met the diagnostic criteria for sepsis. Timely detection of cytokine storm and appropriate regulation of inflammatory response may be significant in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of specific interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors, specific IL-6 inhibitors, and GM-CSF blockades in the treatment of COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis) patients through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methodology: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang Database using proper keywords such as “SARS-CoV-2,” “Corona Virus Disease 2019,” “COVID-19,” “anakinra,” “tocilizumab,” “siltuximab,” “sarilumab,” “mavrilimumab,” “lenzilumab,” and related words for publications released until August 22, 2021. Other available resources were also used to identify relevant articles. The present systematic review was performed based on PRISMA protocol. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 articles were included in the final review. The meta-analysis results showed that tocilizumab could reduce the mortality of patients with COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis) [randomized controlled trials, RCTs: odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52–0.97, low-certainty evidence; non-RCTs: risk ratio (RR) 0.68, 95%CI: 0.55–0.84, very low-certainty evidence) as was anakinra (non-RCTs: RR 0.47, 95%CI: 0.34–0.66, very low-certainty evidence). Sarilumab might reduce the mortality of patients with COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis), but there was no statistical significance (OR 0.65, 95%CI: 0.36–1.2, low-certainty evidence). For safety outcomes, whether tocilizumab had an impact on serious adverse events (SAEs) was very uncertain (RCTs: OR 0.87, 95%CI: 0.38–2.0, low-certainty evidence; non-RCTs 1.18, 95%CI: 0.83–1.68, very low-certainty evidence) as was on secondary infections (RCTs: OR 0.71, 95%CI: 0.06–8.75, low-certainty evidence; non-RCTs: RR 1.15, 95%CI: 0.89–1.49, very low-certainty evidence). Conclusions: This systematic review showed that tocilizumab, sarilumab, and anakinra could reduce the mortality of people with COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis), and tocilizumab did not significantly affect SAEs and secondary infections. The current evidence of the studies on patients treated with siltuximab, mavrilimumab, and lenzilumab is insufficient. In order to establish evidence with stronger quality, high-quality studies are needed.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), identifier CRD42020226545

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Interleukin-1 Inhibitors, Specific Interleukin-6 Inhibitors, and GM-CSF Blockades for COVID-19 (at the Edge of Sepsis): A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…44 Interleukin-6 blocking agents that have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 include tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab and clazakizumab. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Tocilizumab is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis 45,46 and the CRS that might develop following the use of some types of immunotherapies. 47 A study of 21 severely ill COVID-19 patients who received tocilizumab treatment demonstrated an improvement in their symptoms and radiological findings.…”

Section: Interleukin-6 and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights on molecular targets in the management of COVID-19: Possible role of pharmacogenomics

et al. 2023

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By the end of 2022, there had been a reduction in new cases and deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the same time, new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus were being discovered. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have been found to have high serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-6. COVID-19-related mortality has been attributed in most cases to the cytokine storm caused by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Dexamethasone in low doses and immunomodulators such as IL-6 inhibitors are recommended to overcome the cytokine storm. This current narrative review highlights the place of other therapeutic choices such as proteasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors and nuclear factor kappa B inhibitors in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

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“…The helmet mask is used to treat acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the patients with COVID-19 without invasive mechanically ventilation. 3…”

Section: Oxygen Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that higher level of inflammatory markers including CRP, D-dimer, ferritin and IL-6, and troponin that reflects myocardial injury were associated with higher mortality in the patients with COVID-19 in ICU followup. 9 Some anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids [10][11][12] for example dexamethasone and methylprednisolone; tocilizumab, 3,13 an IL-6 receptor blockade; anakinra, 14 a recombinant monoclonal antibody which is IL-1receptor antagonist; ruxolitinib, 15 a selective inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAK) 1 and 2, were recommended to the treatment of the patients with COVID-19. Steroids may regulate cytokine's damaging effects by limiting the formation of cytokine, and stop macrophages and natural killer cells.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic options for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Eroğlu¹,

Kartal²,

Kongur³

2021

JACCOA

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The aim of this review article is to put forth the therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is no specific treatment or therapy recommended for COVID-19 up to now. The therapeutic approaches should be ordered according to the severity of disease. These options can be listed from one to ten such as isolation; oxygen support; respiratory treatment; anticoagulant treatment; anti-inflammatory drugs; hydroxychloroquine and combinations therapies; antiviral drugs; convalescent plasma therapy; mesenchymal stem cells therapy and vaccination. According to the severity and stage of the disease, suitable options are recommended.

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Helmet mask and tocilizumab for a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome and COVID-19: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Specific Interleukin-1 Inhibitors, Specific Interleukin-6 Inhibitors, and GM-CSF Blockades for COVID-19 (at the Edge of Sepsis): A Systematic Review

Specific Interleukin-1 Inhibitors, Specific Interleukin-6 Inhibitors, and GM-CSF Blockades for COVID-19 (at the Edge of Sepsis): A Systematic Review

Highlights on molecular targets in the management of COVID-19: Possible role of pharmacogenomics

Therapeutic options for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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