“…28,29,31,35,36,43 Balloon tamponade was performed in 16 cases, 1,14,15,21,22,24,25,27-29,31-33,35-37 with 3 of those 16 performed solely with endovascular repair. 1,27,32 Six of the 11 patients who underwent either surgery alone or surgery with endovascular repair survived (55%), 28,30,31,36,38,43 whereas only 1 of the 5 cases of endovascular repair with or without balloon tamponade survived (20%). 27 Although the higher percentage of survival among patients who had surgery with or without endovascular repair compared to the 5 patients who underwent endovascular repair without surgery might suggest a better outcome with surgery, this discrepancy is likely confounded by patient factors and comorbidities for which surgical intervention is usually deferred, as well as the relatively low number of patient cases reported to have been treated with endovascular repair without surgery.…”