Efeitos antimicrobianos de cetamina em combinação com propofol: Um estudo in vitro

Abstract

Ketamine has sustained its antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner against some organisms in propofol, which is a strong microbial growth-promoting solution. Combined use of ketamine and propofol in routine clinical application may reduce the risk of infection caused by accidental contamination. However, one must keep in mind that ketamine cannot reduce all pathogenic threats in propofol mixture.

Antibacterial Activity of Alanine‐Derived Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

“…MBC were expressed as the concentration of the gemini surfactant that reduced the number of colony forming units (cfu) by 99.9 % after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, as described elsewhere [18]. …”

Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets…

“…and Candida albicans Mandal et al 2010In vivoAt doses of 25 μg/g and 30 μg/g significantly protects mice from Salmonella typhimurium Mandal et al 2010ClomipramineIn vitroCytotoxic effects against both human protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major Zilberstein and Dwyer 1984DesipramineIn vitroEffective against Plasmodium falciparum Basco and Le Bras 1990; Salama and Facer 1990EscitalopramIn vitroAntimicrobial effect on E. coli , but no effect on L. rhamnosus Cussotto et al 2018FluoxetineIn vitroStrong dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against L. rhamnosus and E. coli Cussotto et al 2018In vivo4-week administration in rats completely inhibits the growth of Succinivibrio and Prevotella caecal taxaCussotto et al 2018ImipramineIn vitroCytotoxic effects against both human protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major Zilberstein and Dwyer 1984Inhibits the growth of E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica through interference with plasmid replication. It also inhibits the parasite Giardia lamblia Csiszar and Molnar 1992; Molnar 1988; Weinbach et al 1992KetamineIn vitroAntimicrobial activity against: S. aureus , S. epidermidis , E. faecalis , S. pyogenes , P. aeruginosa and E. coli , with S. aureus and S. pyogenes being the most sensitive strainsBegec et al 2013; Gocmen et al 2008Sustained antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner against microorganisms in propofol, which is a strong growth-promoting factorBegec et al 2013PromethazineIn vitroInhibits the growth of E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica through interference with plasmid replicationCsiszar and Molnar 1992; Molnar 1988SertralineIn vitroPotent antimicrobial against E. coli Bohnert et al 2011Inhibits the growth of S. aureus , E. coli and P. aeruginosa and also shows synergy in combination with antibioticsAyaz et al 2015Potent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans , Coccidioides immitis and Candida spp.Rossato et al 2016; Trevino-Rangel Rde et al 2016…”

“…Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA ( N -methyl- d -aspartate) antagonist that acts at the PCP (phencyclidine) binding site in the NMDA receptor and possess a fast onset of action as antidepressant (Bennett and Brown 2008). Ketamine showed antimicrobial activity in vitro against six different strains of bacteria: S. aureus , S. epidermidis , E. faecalis , S. pyogenes , P. aeruginosa and E. coli , with S. aureus and S. pyogenes being the most sensitive strains (Begec et al 2013; Gocmen et al 2008). There is currently little known regarding the effects of ketamine on gut microbiota and other classes of antidepressants, such as MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), have not been investigated.…”

“…Ketamine was antimicrobial in vitro in a dose-dependent manner against some microorganisms in propofol, which is a strong growth-promoting factor (Begec et al 2013). The ketamine MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) was 19.5 μg/mL for S. aureus and 312.5 μg/mL for E. coli and P. aeruginosa .…”

Microbiome—The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health

“…Efflux pump inhibition may be involved in these properties [135]. Ketamine may control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Staphylococcus epidermidis Evans, Entercoccus faecalis Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz, Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula and Candida albicans (C.P.Robin) Berkhout [134,136].…”